A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2020; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
Filters
Towards the use of entropy as a measure for the reliability of automatic MT evaluation metrics
2018
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems
Preserved Fulltext
Reliability is an indicator of accuracy, the reliability of measuring, in our case, measuring the accuracy and error rate of MT output based on automatic metrics (precision, recall, f-measure, Bleu-n, ...
The experiment showed metrics (Bleu-4 and WER) that reduce the overall reliability of the automatic evaluation of accuracy and error rate using entropy. ...
Several metrics of automatic MT evaluation were developed and applied to a large amount of data. ...
doi:10.3233/jifs-169505
fatcat:5b5vv5fwrjbfzhaqj2sphq4yti
Complexity trade-offs do not prove the equal complexity hypothesis
2014
Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2017; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
The present paper recalls, in a first step, our previously found significant negative cross-linguistic correlations between syllable complexity and number of syllables per clause and per word, as well ...
as an almost significant negative correlation between syllable complexity and number of morphological cases. ...
significant and mutually dependent cross-linguistic correlations (Fenk and Fenk-Oczlon 1993) and has a counterpart at the single-language level, i.e. a law originally found in German (Menzerath 1954 ...
doi:10.1515/psicl-2014-0010
fatcat:oequegf5t5dfdobazfgbrdroou
An Analysis Of Translational Complexity In Two Text Types
[chapter]
2017
Zenodo
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2022; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
The study compares two text types, fiction and law text, in order to see how these differ with respect to the question of automatisation. ...
This article presents an empirical study where translational complexity is related to a notion of computability. ...
Acknowledgments I thank the numerous authors and translators who produced the investigated texts, and for assistance in gaining lawful access to the texts, I am grateful to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign ...
doi:10.5281/zenodo.1019695
fatcat:xkbmvmdlzfhifemghlv6eilhka
Phonotactic Complexity and Its Trade-offs
2020
Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2021; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
Other Versions
We present methods for calculating a measure of phonotactic complexity—bits per phoneme— that permits a straightforward cross-linguistic comparison. ...
This simple measure allows us to compare the entropy across languages, giving insight into how complex a language's phonotactics is. ...
Blasi for his feedback on previous versions of this paper and the anonymous reviewers, as well as action editor Eric Fosler-Lussier, for their constructive and detailed comments-the paper is much improved ...
doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00296
fatcat:mc7k7kqm7jabfhr6dqsvytgy4m
The Structure and Dynamics of Linguistic Networks
[chapter]
2009
Dynamics On and Of Complex Networks
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2016; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
POS induction in English, Finnish and German, very recently which has also been applied to Bengali [66] . ...
Complex networks provide a suitable framework to model and study the structure and dynamics of linguistic systems from a mesoscopic perspective. ...
doi:10.1007/978-0-8176-4751-3_9
fatcat:wn2uhou55bd3bciccdonu2sioa
Productivity and Predictability for Measuring Morphological Complexity
2019
Entropy
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2019; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
Our approach is corpus-based and it does not require the use of linguistic annotated data. ...
We use a language model that predicts the probability of sub-word sequences within a word; we calculate the entropy rate of this model and use it as a measure of predictability of the internal structure ...
Complexity Measures for JW300 Corpus ...
doi:10.3390/e22010048
pmid:33285823
fatcat:u4yllhitbfbu3jrmviegl4zvby
AI and the Conquest of Complexity in Law
2004
Artificial Intelligence and Law
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2017; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
I am grateful to a number of people for their help in the preparation of the material in this paper and for their comments, including Tom Gordon, Raoul Kneucker, Friedrich Lachmayer, Sonia Miller, Filippo ...
I am deeply indebted to him, while, of course, all possibly remaining aws in the text are my responsibility. I also thank the organizers of ...
makes up only a small fraction of German law. ...
doi:10.1007/s10506-005-6742-5
fatcat:tewwotrwa5b5deigogr4afzgxm
The dynamics of gender complexity
[chapter]
2019
Zenodo
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2022; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
In this chapter we view grammatical gender as a category type that emerges, evolves and disappears in languages as a result of diachronic processes and whose complex- ity grows and diminishes through time ...
Agreement is fuzzy as its prototypical non-noun targets gradually develop by way of decate- gorialization from nouns, and controllers and targets are not always simple words, but can be complex (consist ...
We are also grateful to Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm and Björn Wiemer for answering our questions about Slavic languages, and to Sebastian Nordhoff, Felix Kopecky and Martin Haspelmath for their advice and ...
doi:10.5281/zenodo.3462784
fatcat:2vkl7oq3tnhgjcx7xnbckygucq
Invariant syllable skeleton, complex segments and word edges
2012
Journal of Linguistics
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2017; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
Of special interest here are : the genesis and management of linearity in complex segments, the place of analogy (or paradigm uniformity) in grammar, the role of morphology in accounting for phonological ...
patterns, the balance of static (distributional patterns) and dynamic (phonological processes) evidence for syllable structure, the role of stress in syllabification, and the import of corpus-based data ...
verse), and (iii) the measurement of duration. ...
doi:10.1017/s0022226712000205
fatcat:rzpjf32hxzgkldjjv4nyq62rdu
The complexity of knowledge sharing in multilingual corporations: evidence from agent-based simulations
2019
Empirica
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2021; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
This article discusses the possibility of adopting a complexity theory approach to the study of language policy and planning (LPP). ...
To provide justification for the use of ABMs in LPP, I show how language issues display the typical traits of complex systems and how ABMs can easily translate ideas and notions from the literature into ...
accumulation 21 The Greenberg index is one of the simplest metrics used to compute the degree of linguistic diversity. ...
doi:10.1007/s10663-019-09435-8
fatcat:kppajo6kujdjhb45qun2ryokoi
The physician: From certainty to complexity
2007
Theoria et Historia Scientiarum
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2018; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
bearers of a precious patrimony of science and wisdom destined to be passed on to others and further enriched over time. ...
The concept that complexity is not a level of complication has demolished many beliefs and generated a need to extend our investigations beyond the boundaries of deterministic canons. ...
means of Euclidean geometry and measured using a metric system, and had its apogee with the invention of the steam engine. ...
doi:10.12775/ths.2002.029
fatcat:nyzpbj6ywngvlaaqloaarlbvwe
Structural nativization, typology and complexity: noun phrase structures in British, Kenyan and Singaporean English
2014
English Language and Linguistics
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2018; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
The second part of the study shows that the NPs from the three varieties also differ in terms of variables which can be viewed as measures of NP complexity. ...
Two much-cited explanations for linguistic innovations in varieties of New Englishes are cross-linguistic influence (see Gut 2011) and simplification (see Schneider 2007: 82). ...
can be viewed as metrics of NP complexity under a very basic definition of complexity: according to Givón (2009: 2) , complexity is to be understood as 'increased hierarchic organization; that is, an ...
doi:10.1017/s1360674313000269
fatcat:fwfed73hlvfexpni4btiehwxs4
Health—exploring complexity: an interdisciplinary systems approach HEC2016
2016
European Journal of Epidemiology
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2020; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
Linguistic and semantic analysis are applied on user queries in order to improve translation quality. ...
Furthermore, an obligation to record and report adverse drug reactions in NIS is regulated according to section 63b of the 12th amendment of the German drug law in 2012. ...
With the crawled data it is possible to extract the structure of the GHW for (i)-(iii) and to provide access to huge amounts of health-related text material for linguistic analysis. ...
doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0183-1
pmid:27522353
fatcat:dcl3nbpygvh5fg7keri74h55ie
Multilingual Development - a Longitudinal Study
2021
Revista Investigación Educativa
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2021; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
The project is based on data of receptive (reading) and productive (writing) language skills in German (the language of schooling), Russian and Turkish as immigrants' heritage languages, English (the first ...
This is the first interdisciplinary study worldwide which includes the complexity of multilingual development on the basis of a substantial sample of respondents, measured language data a wide range of ...
Linguistic diversity thus has become a key environmental condition of education. According to German basic law, the linguistic decent of a person shall not be a cause of disadvantage. ...
doi:10.6018/rie.454271
fatcat:5tflr75kpzf5vki2mfwqzfn3h4
Learning in and about complex systems
1994
System Dynamics Review
Preserved Fulltext
A copy of this work was available on the public web and has been preserved in the Wayback Machine. The capture dates from 2017; you can also visit the original URL.
The file type is application/pdf.
The more rigorously we apply the principles discussed here to our own theories and our own practices, the faster we will learn how to learn in and about complex systems. 6. ...
I argue that successful approaches to learning about complex dynamic systems require (1) tools to articulate and frame issues, elicit knowledge and beliefs, and create maps of the feedback structure of ...
Depending on the time delays and other elements of dynamic complexity in the system, these examples may not converge. ...
doi:10.1002/sdr.4260100214
fatcat:uf42vmiuxzgyjfuiho3m4spngu
« Previous
Showing results 1 — 15 out of 6,477 results