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The Expressive Gaze Model: Using Gaze to Express Emotion
2010
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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Figure 1 . 1 The Expressive Gaze Model (EGM). This image shows the process the EGM uses to generate an emotionally expressive gaze shift. ...
To address this issue, we present the Expressive Gaze Model (EGM), a method that enables virtual characters to generate believable gaze shifts that communicate a desired emotional expression. ...
doi:10.1109/mcg.2010.43
pmid:20650729
fatcat:abqnrxypkvb35nx6x3fpl3ufau
Emotional expression affects the accuracy of gaze perception
2012
Motivation and Emotion
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Emotional facial expressions are powerful social cues. Here we investigated how emotional expression affects the interpretation of eye gaze direction. ...
The faces displayed either an angry, happy, fearful or a neutral expression and were looking either straight at the observer, or were rotated 2°, 4°, 6°or 8°to the left and right. ...
Volz were supported by a grant from the Pro*Doc program of the Swiss National Science Foundation awarded to FM (PDFMP1_127238). ...
doi:10.1007/s11031-012-9295-4
fatcat:sdshrjsaizedni75ram6awvil4
Culture, gaze and the neural processing of fear expressions
2009
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
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The direction of others' eye gaze has important influences on how we perceive their emotional expressions. ...
Here, we examined differences in neural activation to direct-versus averted-gaze fear faces as a function of culture of the participant (Japanese versus US Caucasian), culture of the stimulus face (Japanese ...
Eye gaze and emotion Eye gaze also affects the perception of emotional expression. ...
doi:10.1093/scan/nsp047
pmid:20019073
pmcid:PMC2894663
fatcat:23k2tanfpnfzfmr6bkjpbfojla
The Role of Emotional Expression and Eccentricity on Gaze Perception
2019
Frontiers in Psychology
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We also find that flankers (regardless of emotional expression) did not influence performance. ...
There was also no effect of the presence of flankers (regardless of expression) on the perception of the target gaze. ...
In a fMRI study, Engell and Haxby (2007) presented participants with neutral faces with either direct-gaze or averted-gaze, or emotionally expressive faces with direct-gaze. ...
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01129
pmid:31164853
pmcid:PMC6536623
fatcat:omeodi7wkjeuhkisfnkgvb7sn4
Self-relevance processing in the human amygdala: Gaze direction, facial expression, and emotion intensity
2009
Emotion
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How the processing of emotional expression is influenced by perceived gaze remains a debated issue. ...
Here we used a highly controlled set of computer-generated animated faces combining dynamic emotional expressions with varying intensity, and gaze shifts either directed at or averted from the observer ...
Therefore, contrary to discreteemotion models, the appraisal theory predicts an influence of gaze direction on the emotion perceived in a face. ...
doi:10.1037/a0017845
pmid:20001123
fatcat:nzunmw2hczfllmodgwbqd6tl6u
Gaze cuing of attention in snake phobic women: the influence of facial expression
2015
Frontiers in Psychology
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To test this hypothesis and further investigate attentional biases for emotional faces in animal phobics, we conducted an experiment using a gaze-cuing paradigm in which participants' attention was driven ...
Such findings may be due to the fact that these expressions could signal the presence of a phobic object in the surroundings. ...
Acknowledgment This research was financially supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (Futuro in Ricerca 2012 grant RBFR12F0BD). ...
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00454
pmid:25941504
pmcid:PMC4403304
fatcat:yf32n4xzeraotfssqhehfay7le
The effect of facial expression and gaze direction on memory for unfamiliar faces
2012
Cognition & Emotion
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We report data from an experiment that investigated the influence of gaze direction and facial expression on face memory. ...
Participants were shown a set of unfamiliar faces with either happy or angry facial expressions, which were either gazing straight ahead or had their gaze averted to one side. ...
The authors would like to thank Yuko Morimoto, Keiko Nakamoto, Yukiko Uchida, and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. ...
doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.619734
pmid:22077759
fatcat:lgeru6nambd3fgdvpzn3dcdnvi
Face Cells: Separate Processing of Expression and Gaze in the Amygdala
2007
Current Biology
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central nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) showing an increased response to averted relative to direct gaze irrespective of emotional expression (Figure 1 ). ...
among emotional and neutral expressions. ...
Lateral A summary of the major projections from the anterior inferotemporal cortex (TE), anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), and temporal pole (TG) to the amygdala, as outlined by Amaral et al. ...
doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.031
pmid:17502093
fatcat:7rary64xsjdezmohikeprd7nc4
Perception of stereoscopic direct gaze: The effects of interaxial distance and emotional facial expressions
2016
Journal of Vision
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Moreover, because research has shown that stereoscopy affects the emotions elicited by facial expressions, and facial expressions affect the range of directions where an observer perceives mutual gazethe ...
In addition to monoscopic and stereoscopic conditions, the stimuli included neutral, angry, and happy facial expressions. The observers judged the gaze direction and mutual gaze of four lookers. ...
This study was supported by a research grant from the Emil Aaltonen Foundation to JK and a grant from the Academy of Finland (project number 265482) to J. Häkkinen. ...
doi:10.1167/16.9.5
pmid:27442954
fatcat:w42errqwbvh33ek3eejxauzpre
The effectiveness of a gaze cue depends on the facial expression of emotion: Evidence from simultaneous competing cues
2010
Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
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By holding the emotional expression constant, these trials allowed us to evaluate the extent to which gaze was an effective cue to attention in this twoface method. Emotion versus neutral trials. ...
This method allows us to present two faces that gaze in opposite directions, while varying the facial expression of emotion on each face. ...
doi:10.3758/app.72.7.1814
pmid:20952780
fatcat:2zn6vbjotjhwdiqrooe2b3azxu
The influence of emotional facial expressions on gaze-following in grouped and solitary pedestrians
2014
Scientific Reports
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Extending upon previous field studies, we investigated whether gaze cues paired with emotional facial expressions (neutral, happy, suspicious and fearsome) of an oncoming walking confederate modulate gaze-following ...
The mechanisms contributing to collective attention in humans remain unclear. ...
A Generalized Linear Model was used to test for main effects of and interactions between emotional condition and group membership, while subsequent pairwise tests were performed to assess comparisons within ...
doi:10.1038/srep05794
pmid:25052060
pmcid:PMC4107368
fatcat:tb6v3plszrb7ddtwqtr3jldkba
The interaction between gaze and facial expression in the amygdala and extended amygdala is modulated by anxiety
2010
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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Recent research has also found inconsistent effects of expression and gaze direction on the amygdala response to facial signals of threat. ...
Here, we investigated the way in which individual differences in anxiety would influence the interactive effect of gaze and expression on the response to angry and fearful faces in the human extended amygdala ...
To test whether the differential effect of gaze and anxiety on the amygdala response to angry and fearful faces was statistically robust we explored the interaction between gaze and emotional expression ...
doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00056
pmid:20661452
pmcid:PMC2906373
fatcat:dzljtqfwsbfhznra2mb4zy67xa
Building a 3D Model of the Face that Transmits an Arbitrary Combination of Identity, Facial Expression, and Gaze
2008
The Journal of the Institute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan
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We also developed an eyeball model for visualizing eye movements to turn the gaze. ...
〈Summary〉 This paper describes an attempt to build a 3D face model for an anthropomorphic interface that transmits an arbitrary combination of identity, various facial expressions, and gaze. ...
Acknowledgement This work was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (18300076) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. ...
doi:10.11371/iieej.37.189
fatcat:hs7zbmdcqjhp3jkn3txtwlxx4i
Investigating the Effect of Gaze Cues and Emotional Expressions on the Affective Evaluations of Unfamiliar Faces
2016
PLoS ONE
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People look at what they are interested in, and their emotional expressions tend to indicate how they feel about the objects at which they look. ...
The combination of gaze direction and emotional expression can therefore convey important information about people's evaluations of the objects in their environment, and can even influence the subsequent ...
Performed the experiments: TL. Analyzed the data: TL PDLH YK. Wrote the paper: TL PDLH YK. ...
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162695
pmid:27682017
pmcid:PMC5040344
fatcat:aecmvsloujeedo4oxi7q2n6piy
Overestimation of the Subjective Experience of Time in Social Anxiety: Effects of Facial Expression, Gaze Direction, and Time Course
2016
Frontiers in Psychology
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Moreover, facial expressions and gaze direction interact to create socially threatening situations in people with social anxiety. ...
The present study investigated the effect of social anxiety on the perceived duration of observing emotional faces with a direct or an averted gaze. ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supported in part by the MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities 2011-2015 (S1101013) and KAKENHI (#40433859). ...
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00611
pmid:27199844
pmcid:PMC4850902
fatcat:s4hqq2sdvnd77br3v3ye3jaeki
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