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Terpenoids in plant and arbuscular mycorrhiza-reinforced defence against herbivorous insects
2017
Annals of Botany
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., 2006; Kapoor et al., 2007; Rapparini et al., 2008) . ...
Systemic effects of AM on the quantity and quality of terpenoids in above-ground parts of plants have also been mooted (Kapoor et al., 2002a, b; Copetta et al., 2006; Khaosaad et al., 2006; Kapoor et ...
doi:10.1093/aob/mcw263
pmid:28087662
pmcid:PMC5378189
fatcat:q3u4nlfvjrgopmsfl6whnt5zhm
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review
2009
Annals of Botany
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This is facilitated by the improved hydraulic conductivity of the root at low water potential (Kapoor et al., 2008) . ...
doi:10.1093/aob/mcp251
pmid:19815570
pmcid:PMC2778396
fatcat:ms3natgmczhizaqiehhbmfddqa
Carbon dioxide (CO2) utilizing strain database
English
2011
African Journal of Biotechnology
English
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Culling of excess carbon dioxide from our environment is one of the major challenges to scientific communities. Many physical, chemical and biological methods have been practiced to overcome this problem. The biological means of CO 2 fixation using various microorganisms is gaining importance because database of their substantial role in reversing global warming. Carbon dioxide utilizing strain database (CSD) presents a comprehensive overview of microorganisms involved in biological fixation of
doi:10.5897/ajb10.2643
fatcat:xyh7cl2zazbo5mg3zygcm7k42a
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... carbon dioxide. As a part of this work, the wealth of information on CO 2 utilizing strains was first collected and was then managed within four classes, that is, microorganisms, genus listing, mechanisms and literature. The first two classes consolidate information regarding the microbial genus and species, while the later two provide information regarding the CO 2 fixing pathways and the taxonomic details of these organisms. The database also holds the current information about the issue. CSD can be used to gain information related to CO 2 fixing microbes. It can also contribute to devising biological strategies for reducing carbon dioxide from the environment. It introduces an innovative idea of exploring the potential of these bacterial strains for reversing global warming. The CSD can be accessed at http://csd.igib.res.in.
Induced Resistance in Mycorrhizal Tomato is correlated to Concentration of Jasmonic Acid
2008
OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences
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This observation is in accordance with the observation of Copetta et al. and Kapoor et al., [12, 27] . ...
doi:10.3844/ojbsci.2008.49.56
fatcat:cs4hcask5ffalolicbbb3gmpe4
Secreted in Xylem Genes: Drivers of Host Adaptation in Fusarium oxysporum
2021
Frontiers in Plant Science
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Copyright © 2021 Jangir, Mehra, Sharma, Singh, Rani and Kapoor. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). ...
doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.628611
pmid:33968096
pmcid:PMC8101498
fatcat:uo6vdahoinat3k5sovqvl2keqa
Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Plants by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Current Understanding and New Challenges
2019
Frontiers in Plant Science
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*Correspondence: Rupam Kapoor, kapoor_rupam@yahoo.com ...
Mycorrhiza23, 71–86. doi: 10.1007/s00572-012-0449-8 PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar Evelin, H., and Kapoor, R. (2014). ...
doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00470
pmid:31031793
pmcid:PMC6473083
fatcat:kc4kliriyfhptau7od6a74vig4
The Potential Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil Health and Conservation
2021
International Journal of Plant and Environment
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Soil is an indispensable resource of the terrestrial ecosystem that provides manifold ecosystem services. Soil functions include regulation of nutrient cycle aided by armies of decomposers present in the soil, anchorage of plants and facilitation of their growth, sustenance of water quality, and regulation of water filtration, air quality, and temperature. Soil health is tightly correlated with sustainable agriculture, owing to the multitudinous microflora and fauna residing in the soil whose
doi:10.18811/ijpen.v7i01.4
fatcat:sucogs44zfaltkanfcujsakeba
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... tivity is instrumental to soil welfare. Maintenance of soil structure and quality is, thus, crucial for facilitating rapid plant growth so that the lag between food production and exponential population growth can be bridled. Regarding this, a major group of soil-dwelling fungus, i.e., Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (AMF), regulate soil quality and ecological interactions operating therein. This review pays attention to the AMF-secreted miracle glycoprotein −"glomalin" that considerably influences soil dynamics. The major takeaway is that mycorrhizal association in the rhizosphere improves soil quality by regulating soil aggregation, tilth and fertility, and enriching soil organic carbon pool. Besides, mycorrhiza-mediated amelioration of contaminated soil, which reflects a prominent role of AMF in ecosystem functioning, is also discussed. Along these lines, further studies should target the functional ecology of AMF in agro-ecosystems, and bioprospecting of more AMF strains should be done to completely harness their potential in biocontrol, bioremediation, and soil conservation.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Augments Arsenic Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Strengthening Antioxidant Defense System and Thiol Metabolism
2017
Frontiers in Plant Science
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., 2006; Evelin and Kapoor, 2014) . ...
These were propagated as soil-based open cultures in sterile soil mixture (Kapoor et al., 2002) . ...
Copyright © 2017 Sharma, Anand, Singh and Kapoor. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). ...
doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00906
pmid:28642762
pmcid:PMC5462957
fatcat:4chrhgcqsza5xpuc23rmjtmrw4
A Botrytis cinerea KLP-7 Kinesin acts as a Virulence Determinant during Plant Infection
2017
Scientific Reports
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Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that infects many important crops. In an attempt to unravel some novel factors that govern pathogenicity in B. cinerea, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (ATMT) was deployed, and a number of tagged transformants were generated. Among these, a mutant, BCM-29 exhibited slower growth rate, reduced conidia size, conidiation and penetration. The mutant was also defective in secretion of oxalic acid (OA) and exhibited reduced activities of
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09409-5
pmid:28878341
pmcid:PMC5587557
fatcat:eeemb64l7bfzhmyzyqf5yjkvjq
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... lygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methyl esterases (PME). TAIL-PCR followed by BLAST search identified the tagged gene as KLP-7 that encodes for kinesin. Targeted deletion of KLP-7 resulted in several folds decrease in virulence of mutants as compared to WT, while complementation of the gene helped in rescue of virulence traits. This is the first time when a unique kinesin KLP-7 that is mainly found in the phylum Pezizomycotina has been linked to virulence in B. cinerea. Botrytis cinerea Persoon ex. Fries (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel) is a widely distributed phytopathogen, that causes serious pre and post harvest yield losses in more than 235 different plant species in a range of agronomically important crops such as strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), cucumber (Cucumis sativus). It affects almost all vegetative parts such as bulb, stem, leaves and even flowers of ornamental plants under conducive conditions 1, 2 . The fungus is widely distributed in the temperate areas of the world where it infects an extremely wide range of host plants 3 . The stages of plant infection by B. cinerea includes attachment of conidia on host surface, germination i.e. germ tube formation, penetration and colonization that finally leads to killing of the host tissue resulting in tissue maceration 4, 5 . B. cinerea is capable of attacking crops at all stages of their growth and under storage; also affects all plant parts 6 . B. cinerea germ tubes enter the plant via direct penetration through natural openings or wounds to derive nutrients from dead or decaying cells 7 ; therefore its colonization in the plant depends upon the ability of the fungus to kill the host cells. Chemical control is the primary means to reduce the incidence of this pathogen. However, the technique is only partially successful as it develops resistance against a wide range of fungicides. Therefore, it is vital to understand the biology of pathogen, and study host-pathogen interaction for the development of improved strategies for effective disease resistance. A large number of candidate genes for virulence like tetraspanin -BcPls1 factor, Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase -BMP1 and components of some signalling transduction cascade have been identified in B. cinerea using targeted gene inactivation approach 8-17 . In addition, several virulence factors like cell wall degrading enzymes, transporter proteins and enzymes for protecting the fungus from oxidative stress are also involved in symptom development [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] . In parallel, random insertional mutagenesis approach has also yielded a wealth of pathogenicity mutants that led to identification of new, partly unexpected virulence factors 24, 25 . In an attempt to unravel some novel factors that govern pathogenicity in B. cinerea, we utilized ATMT and generated a number of tagged transformants. A mutant namely BCM-29 that showed considerably reduced pathogenicity was selected for detailed characterization. Tagged gene in the mutant was identified via TAIL-PCR and BLAST analysis. The sequence showed homology to a gene KLP-7 that encodes a kinesin protein. Kinesins are microtubule based energy hydrolysing motor proteins that help in the segregation of genetic material during cell division and cell growth. A high number of kinesin sub-families exist in the angiosperms, Published: xx xx xxxx OPEN www.nature.com/scientificreports/ 2 ScieNtific REPoRTS | 7: 10664 |
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Mediated Regulation of Polyamines and Aquaporins During Abiotic Stress: Deep Insights on the Recondite Players
2021
Frontiers in Plant Science
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Environmental stresses of (a)biotic origin induce the production of multitudinous compounds (metabolites and proteins) as protective defense mechanisms in plants. On account of the regulation of some of these compounds, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reinforce the inherent tolerance of plants toward the stress of different origins and kind. This article reviews two specific fundamental mechanisms that are categorically associated with mycorrhiza in alleviating major abiotic stresses, salt,
doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.642101
fatcat:5ga7pewgqbfgfkmo2rlfuxchmm
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... rought, and heavy metal (HM) toxicity. It puts emphasis on aquaporins (AQPs), the conduits of water and stress signals; and polyamines (PAs), the primordial stress molecules, which are regulated by AMF to assure water, nutrient, ion, and redox homeostasis. Under stressful conditions, AMF-mediated host AQP responses register distinct patterns: an upregulation to encourage water and nutrient uptake; a downregulation to restrict water loss and HM uptake; or no alterations. The patterns thereof are apparently an integrative outcome of the duration, intensity, and type of stress, AMF species, the interaction of fungal AQPs with that of plants, and the host type. However, the cellular and molecular bases of mycorrhizal influence on host AQPs are largely unexplored. The roles of PAs in augmenting the antioxidant defense system and improving the tolerance against oxidative stress are well-evident. However, the precise mechanism by which mycorrhiza accords stress tolerance by influencing the PA metabolism per se is abstruse and broadly variable under different stresses and plant species. This review comprehensively analyzes the current state-of-art of the involvement of AMF in "PA and AQP modulation" under abiotic stress and identifies the lesser-explored landscapes, gaps in understanding, and the accompanying challenges. Finally, this review outlines the prospects of AMF in realizing sustainable agriculture and provides insights into potential thrust areas of research on AMF and abiotic stress.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Improves Photosynthesis and Restores Alteration in Sugar Metabolism in Triticum aestivum L. Grown in Arsenic Contaminated Soil
2021
Frontiers in Plant Science
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Proliferation of fungal spores was carried out in sterile soil using Sorghum bicolor L. as trap plant (Kapoor et al., 2002) . ...
doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.640379
pmid:33777073
pmcid:PMC7991624
fatcat:7oueme6ivrgo3mzva72hbr4h44
Efficient Genetic Transformation of Rice for CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome-Editing and Stable Overexpression Studies: A Case Study on Rice Lipase 1 and Galactinol Synthase Encoding Genes
2022
Agronomy
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Rice is a staple food crop for almost half of the world's population, especially in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. It is widely grown in different climatic conditions, depending on the quality of the water, soil, and genetic makeup of the rice cultivar. Many (a)biotic stresses severely curtail rice growth and development, with an eventual reduction in crop yield. However, for molecular functional analysis, the availability of an efficient genetic transformation protocol is
doi:10.3390/agronomy12010179
fatcat:dfwe7aegznhwpkubv5m4beloei
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... l. To ensure food security and safety for the continuously increasing global population, the development of climate-resilient crops is crucial. Here, in this study, the rice transformation protocol has been effectively optimized for the efficient and rapid generation of rice transgenic plants. We also highlighted the critical steps and precautionary measures to be taken while performing the rice transformation. We further assess the efficacy of this protocol by transforming rice with two different transformation constructs for generating galactinol synthase (GolS) overexpression lines and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated edited lines of lipase (Lip) encoding the OsLip1 gene. The putative transformants were subjected to molecular analysis to confirm gene integration/editing, respectively. Collectively, the easy, efficient, and rapid rice transformation protocol used in this present study can be applied as a potential tool for gene(s) function studies in rice and eventually to the rice crop improvement.
The distribution and presence of versicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in rhizosphere soil of Da Xanh pummelo in Ba Ria Vung Tau province
2021
˜The œJournal of Agriculture and Development
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Một vài loài trong chi Glomus phổ biến trong đất trung tính hoặc kiềm nhưng một số ít lại hiện diện trong đất chua trong khi các loài thuộc chi Acaulospora lại thường tìm thấy trên đất chua (Rupam & ctv ...
đất trồng bưởi Da Xanh Những đặc điểm của đất có ảnh hưởng một cách rõ ràng đến cả cây trồng và nấm cộng sinh nên việc nghiên cứu về VAM cần xem xét đến yếu tố thổ nhưỡng cũng như cây trồng và nấm (Kapoor ...
doi:10.52997/jad.2.02.2021
fatcat:fwape6w7cfhodjwof3g5rtjuxi
Paradoksy w Dźiwy Goswamina koncepcji duszy, drogi do doskonałości oraz wyzwolenia
2019
Adeptus
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Jak pisze Kapoor (Kapoor, 1976, s. 152) , symbolizować ma "moc godzenia tego, co niemożliwe do pogodzenia, pozwalającą wznieść się ponad sprzeczność dualizmu i monizmu w wyższej syntezie". ...
Dasgupta, 1961, s. 18; Kapoor, 1976, s. 170) wiążą koncepcję "niepojętości" (acintya) w filozofii Dźiwy Goswamina z wiśeszą w systemie Madhwy. ...
doi:10.11649/a.1625
fatcat:gp3q32zhwvhqlpy227fav36lni
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from various samples of animal origin from Assam, India
[article]
2020
bioRxiv
pre-print
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.; Kapoor, R.K.; Virdi, J.S.; Gulati, P.(2018). Integrons in 315 Enterobacteriaceae: Diversity, distribution and epidemiology. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 316 51:167-176. 317 17. ...
doi:10.1101/2020.05.28.122705
fatcat:y3akcrd5nrh7rcdbcdxl5xdw5e
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