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Involvement of autotaxin in the pathophysiology of elevated intraocular pressure in Posner-Schlossman syndrome
2020
Scientific Reports
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To examine whether autotaxin (ATX) in the aqueous humor causes elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS). ATX and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in the aqueous humor were quantified in PSS patients. The expression of ATX and TGF-β in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected-human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells was examined. Biological changes in hTM cells and monkey Schlemm's canal endothelial (SCE) cells cultured in the conditioned medium of
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63284-1
pmid:32286414
pmcid:PMC7156668
fatcat:dmkxnjskx5arrpxti6sz4emtcy
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... ted hTM cells were analyzed. The expression of ATX and TGF-β1 was upregulated in the aqueous humor of CMV-positive PSS patients, and the level of ATX in the aqueous humor was positively correlated with IOP. CMV infection upregulated ATX and TGF-β1 in hTM cells. The conditioned medium induced fibrotic changes in hTM cells and reduced SCE permeability, which was attenuated by an ATX inhibitor, a lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonist, and a Rho kinase inhibitor. ATX in the aqueous humor induced by CMV infection may trigger elevated IOP. Modulating ATX activity may be a novel treatment modality for PSS.
Studied under the Drinking Behaviors about Parents and Children
2000
Journal for the Integrated Study of Dietary Habits
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We used female students(junior high,high school,and college)and their parents as subjects and assessed the eating behavior of the parents and children by investigating the passing down of drinking behavir(in the broad sense),preferences and drinking behavior (in the narrow sense:drinks or does not drink beverages),food habits(skipping breakfast/between meal types),degree of obesity,awareness of obesity,symptoms,and number of bottles ingested,and the following results were obtained. 1)Beverages
doi:10.2740/jisdh.11.223
fatcat:3lyzjb7fubdktfs3ak7yakmpgm
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... ften drunk by both parents and children consisted of green tea,oolong tea,and milk,while sweet beverages,i.e.,fruit juice beverages,lactobacillus beverages, coffee,black tea(suger added),cola,carbonated beverages,and isotonic beverages were drunk in the following order:mothersfather,2)sweet beverages and isotonic drinks,for junior high school students, high school students,and college students:child>father and mother,and in every instance the differences were significant. 3)The results for the junior high school students showed that the parents and children drank several types of beverages within the home,and the proportion of all of the mothers who drank cola and black tea(with/without suger)at home because they enjoyed them was high.The beverages that were drunk by each of the age brackets at home and
Studied under the Drinking Behaviors about Parents and Children
1997
Journal for the Integrated Study of Dietary Habits
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Masue Igarashi Similarities and differences between parents and children in beverage drinking behavior and preferences were investigated using female college students and their parents as subjects, yielding ...
doi:10.2740/jisdh.8.3_48
fatcat:vrgtwn2gtrhx7npelto5ufplxy
A Studied on Drinking Behaviors about Parents and Chidren
1998
Journal for the Integrated Study of Dietary Habits
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The actual status of beverage drinking behavior and preferences was investigated in female senior high school students and their parents,and the similarities and differences between parents and children were assessed.The results are outlined below. A high percentage of all three,i.e.,the student and both parents,drink green tea/oolong tea and milk.The female senior high school students drink much more fruit juices,lactic acid bacteria beverages,cola drinks/carbonated beverages,coffee/tea (with
doi:10.2740/jisdh.9.39
fatcat:tuuablizkbfehgk5aj5wcizofm
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... ugar),isotonic beverages,and dietary fiber beverages.They also drink a greater volume per day and usually drink several different kinds of beverages.In addition,they drink these beverages inside and outside the home; often drinking lactic acid bacteria beverages and fruit juices at mealtime,and cola drinks/carbonated beverages and isotonic beverages at any time during the day,at mealtimes and at other times.In terms of preferences,the female senior high school students often liked beverages other than vegetable juices more,and many more cited "preference,"preference,""physiology,""custom,"and
A Study on Drinking Behaviors about Parents and Children
1998
Journal for the Integrated Study of Dietary Habits
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Crosstalk between transforming growth factor β-2 and Autotaxin in trabecular meshwork and different subtypes of glaucoma
2021
Journal of Biomedical Science
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Expression levels of COL1A1, fibronectin, and α-SMA were enhanced upon ATX stimulation, and these changes were significantly suppressed by treatment with either TGF-β inhibitor or ATX inhibitor (D, E, and F) Igarashi ...
doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00745-3
pmid:34140021
fatcat:ngjsgyq5tfgvtjoh7zkd3rujfi
Infant-directed speech as a window into the dynamic nature of phonology
2015
Laboratory Phonology
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Igarashi et al.' ...
Analyses To test this prediction, Igarashi et al. (2013) analyzed speech from 21 of 22 mothers in R-JMICC. ...
doi:10.1515/lp-2015-0009
fatcat:obji26hep5ahbfeoha2lcezl5u
Whipple disease mimicking inflammatory bowel disease
2020
Intestinal Research
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Whipple disease is a systemic chronic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Although chronic diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal symptom, diagnosis is often difficult because there are no specific endoscopic findings, and the pathogen is not detectable by stool culture. We present a female patient with Whipple disease who developed chronic bloody diarrhea and growth retardation at the age of 4 years. Colonoscopy showed a mildly edematous terminal ileum and marked erythema without vascular
doi:10.5217/ir.2019.09177
pmid:32610889
pmcid:PMC7873397
fatcat:id6t2a7mgzekpnada2ux5o4k7y
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... atterns throughout the sigmoid colon and rectum. Subsequently, a primary diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made. Histopathological analysis of the terminal ileum showed the presence of foamy macrophages filled with periodic acidSchiff-positive particles. Polymerase chain reaction using DNA from a terminal ileum biopsy sample amplified a fragment of 16S rRNA from T. whipplei. Antibiotic treatment relieved the patient's symptoms. There was no evidence of immunodeficiency in the present case. Since Whipple disease worsens after anti-tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy, considering this infection in the differential diagnosis may be important in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially before initiation of immunotherapy.
Novel Betacellulin Derivatives
2001
Journal of Biological Chemistry
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Betacellulin (BTC) is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. It has two biological activities: mitogenic activity in fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells, and differentiation activity for the differentiation of pancreatic acinar AR42J cells into insulinsecreting cells. The previous finding that recombinant BTC promotes the neogenesis of -cells in a mouse model supports the possibility that BTC is a therapeutic protein. However, the mitogenic activity of BTC may not be needed
doi:10.1074/jbc.m106603200
pmid:11522793
fatcat:hkorrp6hkfdyjllpjvcz6m635u
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... r differentiation into -cells and may cause a side effect in clinical use. We prepared several derivatives of BTC to segregate the two activities, to decrease the mitogenic activity, and to maintain the differentiation activity. We succeeded in obtaining BTC derivatives segregated by the two biological activities by preparing truncated-type derivatives. A derivative of BTC, BTC24 -76, with a truncated N-terminal 23 amino acids and C-terminal 4 amino acids, was 2.5-fold more active in differentiation and had one-tenth of the mitogenic activity. The derivatives described in the present study should be helpful in future applications as therapeutic proteins and in basic research for discovery of a BTCspecific receptor.
The establishment of IL-2 producing cells by genetic engineering
1987
Cell Structure and Function
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Expression plasmids containing human interleukin-2(IL-2) cDNA under the control of viral promoters (SV40 early region, MuLV LTR, HTLV-I LTR, and ASV(Y73) LTR) were introduced into TK-mouse L cells and human FL cells to establish IL-2 producing cells. The highest levels of IL-2 producing clones were obtained in TK+ mouse L cells transformed with a recombinant plasmid having MuLV LTR as a promoter, whereas transformed cells of human FL cells (G418r) were revealed to produce IL-2 at the highest
doi:10.1247/csf.12.205
fatcat:6gnk7lnnubf37o2xplg2gaif4a
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... el when the cells were transfected with a plasmid containing HTLV LTR as a promoter. These results suggest that these promoter/enhancer regions possess different cell specificities in gene expression. To obtain higher levels of IL-2 production using gene amplification, the hybrid plasmids containing the hamster DHFR and human IL-2 genes were constructed and transfected into DHFR-CHO cells. DHFR+ colonies produced IL-2 at about the same level as that produced by TK+ L cells transformed with the recombinants containing MuLV LTR. Selection of methotrexate-resistant cells resulted in a 5-to 30-fold increase of IL-2 production. These cells produced IL-2 stably for at least 3 months, even in the absence of methotrexate. 205
Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding human basic fibroblast growth factor
1987
FEBS Letters
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A cDNA encoding human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was isolated from a human foreskin fibroblast cDNA library. The cDNA, 4 kilobases in size, had a coding sequence, 5' and 3' untranslated regions, and a poly(A) chain. Isolation of additional cDNA clones that had a short 3' untranslated region suggested the presence of multiple mRNA forms. By Northern blot analysis, at least five bFGF mRNA species were detected in cultured fibroblast cells. Transfection of the cDNA to COS cells resulted
doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81489-8
pmid:2435575
fatcat:nj4fdfucgvdnlkj2qj3zev6p2u
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... in the detection of mitogenic activity in the culture medium of the transfected cells, suggesting that a part of the synthesized protein might be secreted from cells despite its unusual short signal sequence.
A case of herpes zoster oticum
耳帯状庖疹の一例
1957
The Journal of Kansai Medical University
耳帯状庖疹の一例
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Characterization of the glycoproteins of bat-derived influenza viruses
2016
Virology
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Recently found bat-derived influenza viruses (BatIVs) have hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments distinct from those of previously known influenza A viruses. However, pathogenicities of these BatIVs remain unknown since infectious virus strains have not been isolated yet. To gain insight into the biological properties of BatIVs, we generated vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) pseudotyped with the BatIV HA and NA. We found that VSVs pseudotyped with BatIV HAs and NAs
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2015.11.002
pmid:26605499
pmcid:PMC7126434
fatcat:lrlnb3ok25f47nv3omzwtk6noq
more »
... y infected particular bat cell lines but not those derived from primates, and that proteolytic cleavage with a trypsin-like protease was necessary for HA-mediated virus entry. Treatment of the susceptible bat cells with some enzymes and inhibitors revealed that BatIV HAs might recognize some cellular glycoproteins as receptors rather than the sialic acids used for the other known influenza viruses. These data provide fundamental information on the mechanisms underlying the cellular entry and host restriction of BatIVs.
Discovery of an antibody for pan-ebolavirus therapy
2016
Scientific Reports
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During the latest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa, monoclonal antibody therapy (e.g., ZMapp) was utilized to treat patients. However, due to the antigenic differences among the five ebolavirus species, the current therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are only effective against viruses of the species Zaire ebolavirus. Although this particular species has indeed caused the majority of human infections in Central and, recently, West Africa, other ebolavirus species (e.g., Sudan
doi:10.1038/srep20514
pmid:26861827
pmcid:PMC4748290
fatcat:25ce7z4chjetbfxtysp33coef4
more »
... us and Bundibugyo ebolavirus) have also repeatedly caused outbreaks in Central Africa and thus should not be neglected in the development of countermeasures against ebolaviruses. Here we report the generation of an ebolavirus glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibody that effectively inhibits cellular entry of representative isolates of all known ebolavirus species in vitro and show its protective efficacy in mouse models of ebolavirus infections. This novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody targets a highly conserved internal fusion loop in the glycoprotein molecule and prevents membrane fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes. The discovery of this highly cross-neutralizing antibody provides a promising option for broad-acting ebolavirus antibody therapy and will accelerate the design of improved vaccines that can selectively elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies against multiple species of ebolaviruses. Ebolaviruses, members of the family Filoviridae, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, with human case fatality rates of up to 90% 1,2 . As proven by the latest epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa, ebolaviruses pose a significant public health concern. However, no effective prophylaxis or treatment for EVD is as yet commercially available. Five distinct species are known in the genus Ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Taï forest ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, and Reston ebolavirus, represented by Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï forest virus (TAFV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), and Reston virus (RESTV), respectively 3 . Of these, EBOV, SUDV, and BDBV have caused EVD outbreaks with increased frequency in Central and West Africa in the last decade 1, 2, 4 . Ebolaviruses express a single transmembrane glycoprotein (GP) that is responsible for both receptor binding and membrane fusion, and thus the only known target of neutralizing antibodies. GP undergoes proteolytic cleavage by host proteases such as furin, resulting in the two subunits, GP1 and GP2, which are linked by a disulfide bond 5, 6 . The GP1 subunit (amino acids 33-501) contains the core of the glycoprotein, receptor binding domain (RBD), a glycan cap, and a large mucin-like domain which extends around the RBD 7 . The GP2 (amino acids 502-676) subunit contains the internal fusion loop (IFL), heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2), the transmembrane region (TM), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) 8 . During the transport of ebolavirus particles to late endosomes, low pH leads to proteolytic processing of GPs by host cysteine proteases such as cathepsins 9 , and the exposed receptor binding site of the proteolytically digested GP is thought to interact with a host receptor, Niemann Pick C1, followed by membrane fusion 8, 10, 11 . Several studies have demonstrated that administration of EBOV GP-specific antibodies protects nonhuman primates from lethal EBOV infection and may constitute a leading treatment option for EVD in humans [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . During the West African EVD outbreak, EBOV GP-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) cocktails (e.g., ZMapp) 12 , were used to treat several patients [17] [18] [19] [20] . However, most of characterized therapeutic MAbs to date are EBOV GP-specific and cross-neutralizing activity against any other ebolavirus species (e.g., SUDV and
Predicting the Antigenic Structure of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin
2010
PLoS ONE
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The pandemic influenza virus (2009 H1N1) was recently introduced into the human population. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of 2009 H1N1 is derived from "classical swine H1N1" virus, which likely shares a common ancestor with the human H1N1 virus that caused the pandemic in 1918, whose descendant viruses are still circulating in the human population with highly altered antigenicity of HA. However, information on the structural basis to compare the HA antigenicity among 2009 H1N1, the 1918 pandemic,
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008553
pmid:20049332
pmcid:PMC2797400
fatcat:kjzpmmgpirdq3oe5jpeuiirgxa
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... and seasonal human H1N1 viruses has been lacking. By homology modeling of the HA structure, here we show that HAs of 2009 H1N1 and the 1918 pandemic virus share a significant number of amino acid residues in known antigenic sites, suggesting the existence of common epitopes for neutralizing antibodies cross-reactive to both HAs. It was noted that the early human H1N1 viruses isolated in the 1930s-1940s still harbored some of the original epitopes that are also found in 2009 H1N1. Interestingly, while 2009 H1N1 HA lacks the multiple N-glycosylations that have been found to be associated with an antigenic change of the human H1N1 virus during the early epidemic of this virus, 2009 H1N1 HA still retains unique three-codon motifs, some of which became N-glycosylation sites via a single nucleotide mutation in the human H1N1 virus. We thus hypothesize that the 2009 H1N1 HA antigenic sites involving the conserved amino acids will soon be targeted by antibody-mediated selection pressure in humans. Indeed, amino acid substitutions predicted here are occurring in the recent 2009 H1N1 variants. The present study suggests that antibodies elicited by natural infection with the 1918 pandemic or its early descendant viruses play a role in specific immunity against 2009 H1N1, and provides an insight into future likely antigenic changes in the evolutionary process of 2009 H1N1 in the human population.
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