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Tad pili play a dynamic role in Caulobacter crescentus surface colonization
[article]
2019
bioRxiv
pre-print
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Bacterial surface attachment is mediated by rotary flagella and filamentous appendages called pili. Here, we describe the role of Tad pili during surface colonization of Caulobacter crescentus. Using an optical trap and microfluidic controlled flow conditions as a mimic of natural environments, we demonstrate that Tad pili undergo repeated cycles of extension and retraction. Within seconds after establishing surface contact, pili reorient cells into an upright position promoting walking-like
doi:10.1101/526160
fatcat:wdmnsjjkinhhrgjnqrxvvl6a4q
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... ements against the medium flow. Pili-mediated positioning of the flagellated pole close to the surface facilitates motor-mediated mechanical sensing and promotes anchoring of the holdfast, an adhesive substance that affords long-term attachment. We present evidence that the second messenger c-di-GMP regulates pili dynamics during surface encounter in distinct ways, promoting increased activity at intermediate levels and retraction of pili at peak concentrations. We propose a model, in which flagellum and Tad pili functionally interact and together impose a ratchet-like mechanism that progressively drives C. crescentus cells towards permanent surface attachment.
Tad Pili Play a Dynamic Role in Caulobacter crescentus Surface Colonization
2019
mBio
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Bacterial surface attachment is mediated by filamentous appendages called pili. Here, we describe the role of Tad pili during surface colonization of Caulobacter crescentus. Using an optical trap and microfluidic controlled flow conditions to mimic natural environments, we demonstrated that Tad pili undergo repeated dynamic cycles of extension and retraction. Within seconds after establishing surface contact, pilus retraction reorients cells into an upright position, promoting walking-like
doi:10.1128/mbio.01237-19
pmid:31213565
pmcid:PMC6581867
fatcat:yjkeegbg4fenncaq2ljcndsug4
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... ents against the medium flow. Pilus-mediated positioning of the flagellate pole close to the surface facilitates motor-mediated mechanical sensing and promotes anchoring of the holdfast, an adhesive substance that affords long-term attachment. We present evidence that the second messenger c-di-GMP regulates pilus dynamics during surface encounter in distinct ways, promoting increased activity at intermediate levels and retraction of pili at peak concentrations. We propose a model in which flagellum and Tad pili functionally interact and together impose a ratchet-like mechanism that progressively drives C. crescentus cells toward permanent surface attachment. IMPORTANCE Bacteria are able to colonize surfaces in environmental, industrial, and medical settings, where they form resilient communities called biofilms. In order to control bacterial surface colonization, microbiologists need to gain a detailed understanding of the processes that bacteria use to live at the liquid-surface interface and that allow them to adhere to and move on surfaces and eventually grow and persist on solid media. To facilitate these processes, bacteria are equipped with adhesive structures such as flagella and pili and with matrix components such as exopolysaccharides. How these cellular organelles are coordinated to optimize surface processes is currently subject to intense investigations. Here we used the model organism Caulobacter crescentus to demonstrate that polar pili are highly dynamic structures that are functionally interconnected with the flagellar motor to mediate surface sensing, thereby enforcing rapid and permanent surface attachment. These studies provide an entry point for an in-depth molecular analysis of bacterial surface colonization.
Biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization in a protein cage nanoreactor
2017
Polymer Chemistry
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The ATRP-catalyzing enzyme horseradish peroxidase was encapsulated into the protein cage thermosome resulting in an all-protein nanoreactor system for controlled radical polymerizations.
doi:10.1039/c6py02155g
fatcat:572xtcondffdpds6esqv55sohy
openBEB: open biological experiment browser for correlative measurements
2014
BMC Bioinformatics
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New experimental methods must be developed to study interaction networks in systems biology. To reduce biological noise, individual subjects, such as single cells, should be analyzed using high throughput approaches. The measurement of several correlative physical properties would further improve data consistency. Accordingly, a considerable quantity of data must be acquired, correlated, catalogued and stored in a database for subsequent analysis. Results: We have developed openBEB (open
doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-84
pmid:24666611
pmcid:PMC3987129
fatcat:33lyusgpjncuddbrqipz2u5ugm
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... cal Experiment Browser), a software framework for data acquisition, coordination, annotation and synchronization with database solutions such as openBIS. OpenBEB consists of two main parts: A core program and a plug-in manager. Whereas the data-type independent core of openBEB maintains a local container of raw-data and metadata and provides annotation and data management tools, all data-specific tasks are performed by plug-ins. The open architecture of openBEB enables the fast integration of plug-ins, e.g., for data acquisition or visualization. A macro-interpreter allows the automation and coordination of the different modules. An update and deployment mechanism keeps the core program, the plug-ins and the metadata definition files in sync with a central repository. Conclusions: The versatility, the simple deployment and update mechanism, and the scalability in terms of module integration offered by openBEB make this software interesting for a large scientific community. OpenBEB targets three types of researcher, ideally working closely together: (i) Engineers and scientists developing new methods and instruments, e.g., for systems-biology, (ii) scientists performing biological experiments, (iii) theoreticians and mathematicians analyzing data. The design of openBEB enables the rapid development of plug-ins, which will inherently benefit from the "house keeping" abilities of the core program. We report the use of openBEB to combine live cell microscopy, microfluidic control and visual proteomics. In this example, measurements from diverse complementary techniques are combined and correlated.
Single-cell lysis for visual analysis by electron microscopy
2013
Journal of Structural Biology
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The stochastic nature of biological systems makes the study of individual cells a necessity in systems biology. Yet, handling and disruption of single cells and the analysis of the relatively low concentrations of their protein components still challenges available techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows for the analysis of proteins at the single-molecule level. Here, we present a system for single-cell lysis under light microscopy observation, followed by rapid uptake of the
doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2013.06.012
pmid:23816812
fatcat:6xuetkdjuvekphw4otpktczstm
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... ell lysate. Eukaryotic cells were grown on conductively coated glass slides and observed by light microscopy. A customdesigned microcapillary electrode was used to target and lyse individual cells with electrical pulses. Nanoliter volumes were subsequently aspirated into the microcapillary and dispensed onto an electron microscopy grid for TEM inspection. We show, that the cell lysis and preparation method conserves protein structures well and is suitable for visual analysis by TEM.
Live cell X-ray imaging of autophagic vacuoles formation and chromatin dynamics in fission yeast
2017
Scientific Reports
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Seeing physiological processes at the nanoscale in living organisms without labeling is an ultimate goal in life sciences. Using X-ray ptychography, we explored in situ the dynamics of unstained, living fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells in natural, aqueous environment at the nanoscale. In contrast to previous X-ray imaging studies on biological matter, in this work the eukaryotic cells were alive even after several ptychographic X-ray scans, which allowed us to visualize the
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13175-9
pmid:29061993
pmcid:PMC5653777
fatcat:njizaxcoyjc7jjsqc5d4vvajri
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... n motion as well as the autophagic cell death induced by the ionizing radiation. The accumulated radiation of the sequential scans allowed for the determination of a characteristic dose of autophagic vacuole formation and the lethal dose for fission yeast. The presented results demonstrate a practical method that opens another way of looking at living biological specimens and processes in a time-resolved label-free setting. Studies of nanoscale structures and dynamics of biological matter greatly benefit from observing samples in living state using label-free methods 1 . X-ray ptychography enables quantitative visualization of whole biological cells with nanoscale resolution based on the natural electron density contrast of the cell content 2-5 . An ideal eukaryotic model organism for cellular dynamic studies is fission yeast at the horsetail stage owing to the oscillations of meiotic chromosomes in the time scale of minutes to hours 6-8 . Moreover, intracellular structure changes caused by X-ray radiation are of interest for a direct analysis in situ 9 . The major challenge of X-ray imaging of living cellular specimens is the very low lethal radiation dose, and owing to the intense radiation damage and a low electron density contrast, sequential X-ray imaging of live eukaryotic cells was not possible so far 10-13 . To record sufficient information, the samples have to be exposed to a certain amount of radiation, which has to be greater than the minimum of the required dose for imaging and less than the maximum tolerable dose for the specimen 10 . The limiting factor of the resolution is therefore set by the X-ray radiation dose 10,11 . Natural, aqueous environments of biological specimens significantly decrease the electron density contrast, thus higher X-ray flux is required, which consequently increases the radiation dose needed for a given resolution 10 . Radiation induced degradation can be reduced by chemical or cryo-fixation. Using cryo-fixation, X-ray ptychography 2,4,14 and diffraction microscopy 15,16 of frozen hydrated cells were accomplished. More advanced X-ray studies were realized on living cells 17,18 and appear to be a promising approach to analyze cellular processes in situ. Imaging of initially alive cells simplifies sample preparation, owing to the fact that fixation steps are not required. Imaged living cells died during the first X-ray scan 18 or after a free electron laser (FEL) pulse 13 , due to the lethal radiation dose. However, first electron density maps measured with X-rays of initially alive bacteria, which were obtained with less than a lethal dose, were recently presented 12,19 . X-ray ptychography is a coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) technique that combines scanning microscopy with advanced phase retrieval algorithms [20] [21] [22] . It relies on scanning the extended sample by the X-ray beam, collecting 2D diffraction patterns from a number of overlapping regions of the specimen and a subsequent iterative reconstruction of a single projection image, which is consistent with all recorded diffraction patterns 21 . Published: xx xx xxxx OPEN www.nature.com/scientificreports/ 2 SCIentIfIC REPORTS | 7: 13775 |
Ongoing Coxsackievirus Myocarditis Is Associated with Increased Formation and Activity of Myocardial Immunoproteasomes
2006
American Journal of Pathology
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A growing body of evidence indicates that viral infections of the heart contribute to ongoing myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Murine models of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis mimic the human disease and allow identification of susceptibility factors that modulate the course of viral myocarditis. Susceptible mouse strains develop chronic myocarditis on the basis of restricted viral replication, whereas resistant strains recover after successful virus elimination. In
doi:10.2353/ajpath.2006.050865
pmid:16651621
pmcid:PMC1606581
fatcat:vbgg2zrahjdoxpjr53zciekjca
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... ve whole-genome microarray analyses of infected hearts, several genes involved in the processing and presentation of viral epitopes were found to be uniformly up-regulated in acutely CVB3-infected susceptible mice compared with resistant animals. In particular, expression of the catalytic subunits LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1, immunoproteasome proteins important in the generation of major histocom-patibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted peptides, was clearly enhanced in the susceptible host. Increased expression resulted in enhanced formation of immunoproteasomes and altered proteolytic activities of proteasomes in the heart. This was accompanied by a concerted up-regulation of the antigen-presenting machinery in susceptible mice. Thus, we propose that increased formation of immunoproteasomes in susceptible mice affects the generation of antigenic peptides and the subsequent T-cell-mediated immune responses.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Switzerland: Predictors for emergency department mortality in patients with ROSC or on-going CPR on admission to the emergency department
2017
PLoS ONE
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OPEN ACCESS Citation: Sauter TC, Iten N, Schwab PR, Hautz WE, Ricklin ME, Exadaktylos AK (2017) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Switzerland: Predictors for emergency department mortality in patients ...
Sauter, Patrik R. Schwab, Wolf E. Hautz, Meret E. Ricklin, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos. ...
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188180
pmid:29145510
pmcid:PMC5690603
fatcat:ghha2ncqxjahzj3q2eclu42ate
Biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization in a protein cage nanoreactor
2017
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Single-cell lysis for visual analysis by electron microscopy
2013
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The stochastic nature of biological systems makes the study of individual cells a necessity in systems biology. Yet, handling and disruption of single cells and the analysis of the relatively low concentrations of their protein components still challenges available techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows for the analysis of proteins at the single-molecule level. Here, we present a system for single-cell lysis under light microscopy observation, followed by rapid uptake of the
doi:10.5167/uzh-80940
fatcat:tlavzlcj45eohm36jw3y4otpia
more »
... ell lysate. Eukaryotic cells were grown on conductively coated glass slides and observed by light microscopy. A custom-designed microcapillary electrode was used to target and lyse individual cells with electrical pulses. Nanoliter volumes were subsequently aspirated into the microcapillary and dispensed onto an electron microscopy grid for TEM inspection. We show, that the cell lysis and preparation method conserves protein structures well and is suitable for visual analysis by TEM. (2013). Single-cell lysis for visual analysis by electron microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology, 183(3):467-73. a b s t r a c t The stochastic nature of biological systems makes the study of individual cells a necessity in systems biology. Yet, handling and disruption of single cells and the analysis of the relatively low concentrations of their protein components still challenges available techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows for the analysis of proteins at the single-molecule level. Here, we present a system for single-cell lysis under light microscopy observation, followed by rapid uptake of the cell lysate. Eukaryotic cells were grown on conductively coated glass slides and observed by light microscopy. A customdesigned microcapillary electrode was used to target and lyse individual cells with electrical pulses. Nanoliter volumes were subsequently aspirated into the microcapillary and dispensed onto an electron microscopy grid for TEM inspection. We show, that the cell lysis and preparation method conserves protein structures well and is suitable for visual analysis by TEM.
Page 17 of JAOA: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association Vol. 54, Issue 1
[page]
1954
JAOA: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
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Sauter, II, Speaker, presiding.) ...
McMains, Maryland; Anna Northup-Little, Saskatchewan; Georgianna Pfeiffer, North Dakota; Nora Prather, Kentucky; A. G. Reed, Oklahoma; Phil R. Rus- sell, Texas; T. T. ...
Page 453 of American Annals of the Deaf Vol. 56, Issue 4
[page]
1911
American Annals of the Deaf
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—Miss Nora M. Hisey has resigned to take charge of the Toledo, Ohio, Day-School; Miss Anna L. ...
Sauter, Miss Laura L. Arbaugh, Miss Alice Arbaugh, Miss Pauline Fisk, Miss Susan H. Norris, Miss Edna Y. Rocap, Miss Carolyn Gay Taft, and Miss Ernestine Faye Ball have resigned. ...
Work organization interventions: state of knowledge and future directions
2004
Sozial- und Präventivmedizin
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al. 2002) that was prepared under the auspices of the US National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA, http://www2.cdc.gov/NORA/default.html). ...
In this regard, it is notable that the topic of intervention effectiveness has been recognized as a research priority under NORA, and a team of specialists from the National Institute for Occupational ...
doi:10.1007/s00038-004-3085-z
pmid:15150855
fatcat:wshflkhhu5bnlhy6mov4q7pcge
Page 77 of JAOA: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association Vol. 41, Issue 1
[page]
1941
JAOA: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
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Gibson Nora Prather
|Not represented) I. J. Shalett Lester P. Gross Grace R. McMains Chas. W. Sauter, 2nd Ernest A. Marcoux Amalia Sperl
E. Frank Wood Philip E. Haviland R,. K. Homan Harold D. ...
Page 43 of JAOA: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association Vol. 44, Issue 1
[page]
1944
JAOA: The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
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Gibson Nora Prather
James A. Keller Roswell P. Bates Francis J. Chase Grace R. Mc Mains Alden Q. Abbott Amalia Sper!
Charles W. Sauter, II Robert K. Homan Philip E. Haviland Leroy C. ...
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