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Task-irrelevant financial losses inhibit the removal of information from working memory
2019
Scientific Reports
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The receipt of financial rewards or penalties - though task-irrelevant - may exert an obligatory effect on manipulating items in working memory (WM) by constraining a forthcoming shift in attention or reinforcing attentional shifts that have previously occurred. Here, we adjudicate between these two hypotheses by varying - after encoding- the order in which task-irrelevant financial outcomes and cues indicating which items need to be retained in memory are presented (so called retrocues). We
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36826-x
pmid:30737421
pmcid:PMC6368543
fatcat:hn7wf733szbllncobvkhlv6lfm
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... loyed a "what-is-where" design that allowed for the fractionation of WM recall into separate components: identification, precision and binding (between location and identity). Principally, valence-dependent effects were observed only for precision and binding, but only when outcomes were presented before, rather than after, the retrocue. Specifically, task-irrelevant financial losses presented before the retrocue caused a systematic breakdown in binding (misbinding), whereby the features of cued and non-cued memoranda became confused, i.e., the features that made up relevant memoranda were displaced by those of non-cued (irrelevant) items. A control experiment, in which outcomes but no cues were presented, failed to produce the same effects, indicating that the inclusion of retrocues were necessary for generating this effect. These results show that the receipt of financial penalties - even when uncoupled to performance - can prevent irrelevant information from being effectively pruned from WM. These results illustrate the importance of reward-related processing to controlling the contents of WM.
Ignoring versus updating in working memory reveal differential roles of attention and feature binding
2018
Cortex
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Binding Irrelevant information a b s t r a c t Ignoring distracting information and updating current contents are essential components of working memory (WM). Yet, although both require controlling irrelevant information, it is unclear whether they have the same effects on recall and produce the same level of misbinding errors (incorrectly joining the features of different memoranda). Moreover, the likelihood of misbinding may be affected by the feature similarity between the items already
doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.12.016
pmid:29402388
pmcid:PMC6181802
fatcat:g74f6xgkwfewvh6ntg76xwat4i
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... ed into memory and the information that has to be filtered out (ignored) or updated into memory. Here, we investigate these questions. Participants were sequentially presented with two pairs of arrows. The first pair of arrows always had to be encoded into memory, but the second pair either had to be ignored (ignore condition) or allowed to displace the previously encoded items (update condition). To investigate the effect of similarity on recall, we also varied, in a factorial manner, whether the items that had to be ignored or updated were presented in the same or different colours and/or same or different spatial locations to the original memoranda. By applying a computational model, we were able to quantify the levels of misbinding. Ignoring, but not updating, increased overall recall error as well as misbinding rates, even when accounting for the retention period. This indicates that not all manipulations of attention in WM are equal in terms of their effects on recall and misbinding. Misbinding rates in the ignore condition were affected by the colour and spatial congruence of relevant and irrelevant information to a greater extent than in the update condition. This finding suggests that attentional templates are used to evaluate relevant and irrelevant information in different ways during ignoring and updating. Together, the results suggest that differences between the two functions might occur due to higher levels of attentional compartmentalisation e or protection e during updating compared to ignoring.
Hippocampal and striatal responses during motor learning are modulated by prefrontal cortex stimulation
[article]
2020
bioRxiv
pre-print
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While it is widely accepted that motor sequence learning (MSL) is supported by a prefrontal-mediated interaction between hippocampal and striatal networks, it remains unknown whether the functional responses of these networks can be modulated in humans with targeted experimental interventions. The present proof-of-concept study employed a comprehensive multimodal neuroimaging approach, including functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy, to investigate whether
doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.136531
fatcat:nj52h2orkrg5logktmh77zgege
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... ailored theta-burst stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can modulate responses in the hippocampus and striatum during motor learning. Our results indicate that stimulation influenced task-related connectivity patterns within hippocampo-frontal and striatal networks. Stimulation also altered the relationship between the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the stimulated prefrontal cortex and learning-related changes in both activity and connectivity in fronto-striato-hippocampal networks. This study provides the first experimental evidence that brain stimulation can alter motor learning-related functional responses in the striatum and hippocampus.
Hippocampal and striatal responses during motor learning are modulated by prefrontal cortex stimulation
2021
NeuroImage
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Dolfen : Investigation; Methodology; Writing -review and editing Menno Veldman : Investigation; Writing -review and editing Kimberly Chan : Resources; Software; Methodology; Writing -review and editing ...
Investigation; Visualization; Writing -original draft; Writing -review and editing Bradley King : Conceptualization; Resources; Data curation; Software; Formal analysis; Validation; Writing -review and editing Nina ...
doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118158
pmid:33991699
fatcat:s5nkw2s2lbbkjoqp2z3k5547fm
Baseline sensorimotor GABA levels shape neuroplastic processes induced by motor learning in older adults
2020
Human Brain Mapping
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., 2015; Dolfen, King, Schwabe, Swinnen, & Albouy, 2019) , the percentage of correct transitions was high in the current study (92% on average) and participants, on average, did not exhibit practice-dependent ...
2019) and acquiring data from other ROIs, including motor learning-relevant deep structures such as the hippocampus and striatum (see Albouy, King, Maquet, & Doyon, 2013; King, Hoedlmoser, Hirschauer, Dolfen ...
doi:10.1002/hbm.25041
pmid:32583940
pmcid:PMC7416055
fatcat:affqfagp5ngxhmqjrg57mxdyhm
Connectivity in Large-Scale Resting-State Brain Networks Is Related to Motor Learning: A High-Density EEG Study
2022
Brain Sciences
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Acknowledgments: Gratitude to those who assisted with collection of overnight sleep data, including Chloe Van Massenhove, Emma Osaer, Marte Eelen, Larissa Naulaerts, Marieke Gann, Menno Veldman, Nina Dolfen ...
doi:10.3390/brainsci12050530
pmid:35624919
fatcat:h3rgzyz27rgepl3s3qax6ln3me