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Part 3
2015
Spine
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Study Design. Controlled radiological study. Objective. Verify (1) whether conus medullaris displacement varies with the range of hip fl exion and (2) whether the acquired data support the "principle of linear dependence." Summary of Background Data. We have previously quantifi ed normal displacement of the conus with unilateral and bilateral straight leg raise (SLR) and have described the "principle of linear dependence." However, we have since effected methodological advances that have
doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000000914
pmid:25839389
fatcat:gt4tjiz5r5c3tc234nrfpeccce
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... d data that surpass previous studies. Methods. Ten asymptomatic volunteers were scanned with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner using T2-weighted spc 3-dimensional scanning sequences and a device that permits greater ranges of SLR. Displacement of the conus medullaris during the unilateral and bilateral SLRs was quantifi ed reliably with a randomized procedure. Results. Pearson correlations were higher than 0.99 for both intraand interobserver reliability and the observed power was 1 for each tested maneuver. The conus displaced caudally in the spinal canal by 3.54 ± 0.87 mm ( μ ± SD) with unilateral ( P ≤ 0.001) and 7.42 ± 2.09 mm with bilateral SLR ( P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion. To the authors' knowledge, these are the fi rst data on noninvasive, in vivo , normative measurement of spinal cord displacement with the SLR test at 60 ° of hip fl exion. Conus medullaris displacement increased with hip fl exion angle, while maintaining the relationship between magnitude of conus displacement and number of nerve roots involved into the movement, supporting the "principle of linear dependence." The use of T2-weighted spc 3-dimensional sequence allows for better reliability testing, which is important for future clinical utility. DISCUSSION We investigated in vivo spinal cord displacement in the thoracolumbar vertebral canal during the clinically applied unilateral SLR on each side and bilateral SLR in asymptomatic
Subgingival Distribution of Microorganisms
2014
Current Oral Health Reports
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Compliance with Ethics Guidelines Conflict of Interest Eija Könönen and Mervi Gürsoy declare that they have no conflicts of interest. ...
Acknowledgments We thank Klaus Könönen for generating the figure for this article. ...
Clones/Types A comprehensive overview on the colonization of potential microorganisms related to aggressive periodontitis in geographically and ethnically diverse populations was recently provided by Könönen ...
doi:10.1007/s40496-014-0033-8
fatcat:znxwfu6sxvhddkmcezbvhmtmf4
Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues
2019
Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease in which the composition of biofilms plays a significant role. Dental plaque accumulation at the gingival margin initiates an inflammatory response that, in turn, causes microbial alterations and may lead to drastic consequences in the periodontium of susceptible individuals. Chronic inflammation affects the gingiva and can proceed to periodontitis, which characteristically results in irreversible loss of attachment and alveolar bone.
doi:10.3390/jcm8081135
pmid:31370168
pmcid:PMC6723779
fatcat:4dvm26nslng33cw4oje6llmsba
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... iodontitis appears typically in adult-aged populations, but young individuals can also experience it and its harmful outcome. Advanced disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition, periodontitis is associated with many chronic diseases and conditions affecting general health.
Activation of Gingival Fibroblasts by Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides and Lipopolysaccharide
2020
Pathogens
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Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and respond with inflammatory proteins. Simultaneous impacts of bacterial cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gingival keratinocytes have been previously demonstrated, but the effects of these MAMPs on other periodontal cell types, such as gingival fibroblasts, remain to be clarified. The present aim was to examine the
doi:10.3390/pathogens9100792
pmid:32993127
pmcid:PMC7600373
fatcat:qcskfmgluje5zgfk2stjted3n4
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... ndependent and combined effects of these cyclic dinucleotides and LPS on interleukin (IL) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) response of HGFs. The cells were incubated with c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, either in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, for 2 h and 24 h. The levels of IL-8, -10, and -34, and MMP-1, -2, and -3 secreted were measured by the Luminex technique. LPS alone or together with cyclic dinucleotides elevated IL-8 levels. IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the presence of c-di-GMP and LPS after 2 h but disappeared after 24 h of incubation. Concurrent treatment of c-di-AMP and LPS elevated MMP-1 levels, whereas c-di-GMP with LPS suppressed MMP-2 levels but increased MMP-3 levels. To conclude, we produce evidence that cyclic dinucleotides interact with LPS-mediated early response of gingival fibroblasts, while late cellular response is mainly regulated by LPS.
Salivary cytokine levels in early gingival inflammation
2017
Journal of Oral Microbiology
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Eija Könönen is professor and chair of periodontology at the University of Turku, Finland, since 2007. ...
Notes on contributors Mervi Gürsoy is an associate professor in periodontology and works as university teacher at the Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku (Finland) ...
doi:10.1080/20002297.2017.1364101
pmid:28839521
pmcid:PMC5560406
fatcat:wmye5amd7zbpdct6nkbsn7uoy4
Interaction between repetition suppression in motor activation and long-interval intracortical inhibition
2019
Scientific Reports
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Repetition suppression (RS) is the adaptation of the neural activity in response to a repeated external stimulus. It has been proposed that RS occurs at the thalamo-cortical level, hence activating a feedback loop to the cortex in order to counteract with the repeated motor cortical activation. In this study, to elucidate the common modulators between the RS and the inhibitory/facilitatory cortical networks, two TMS paradigms were applied, i.e. the characteristic long-interval intracortical
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47932-9
pmid:31395949
pmcid:PMC6687749
fatcat:vspje73pvvfbbbx2crtcsmg4x4
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... bition (LICI) and the I1-wave timed short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). Since LICI is a local intracortical inhibitory phenomenon affecting cortical excitation over a long interval like the RS, the interaction between RS and LICI was tested. As the I1-wave timed SICF is likely not affected by inhibitory modulation, the appearance of the RS with respect to SICF was investigated. Non-linear interaction between LICI and RS was observed, while I1-wave timed SICF facilitated all MEP responses of RS by a common offset still preserving the RS. These findings implicate that the underlying mechanism for the observed interaction is likely contributed to the activation of the negative thalamo-cortical feedback loop represented by the RS, most likely at the cortical level.
Cyclic Dinucleotides in Oral Bacteria and in Oral Biofilms
2017
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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., Actinomyces species to brain abscesses (Könönen and Wade, 2015) , Parvimonas micra to septic arthritis (Baghban and Gupta, 2016) , and Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis to atherosclerotic ...
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00273
pmid:28680857
pmcid:PMC5478684
fatcat:ih2s52na2vfaxjv6ucv6qybmmm
Primary hand motor representation areas in healthy children, preadolescents, adolescents, and adults
2020
NeuroImage
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Credit author statement Laura Säisänen; involved in conceptualization of the research, analysis of the data; preparation of the manuscript Mervi Könönen; development and design of methodology, analysis ...
doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117702
pmid:33385558
fatcat:btfwx75osjc7bhzfaxsxgobkxi
Dynamic Probabilistic Atlas of Functional Brain Regions for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
[chapter]
2008
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique to stimulate the brain non-invasively. The applications range from accurate localization of the primary motor areas to potential treatment of disorders such as tinnitus, severe depression, and pain. Stereotactic guidance requires individual MR images of the subject's head, which is in some applications typically omitted due to financial motivations. In this paper, we introduce a method that offers improved TMS pulse targeting also to those
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85988-8_65
fatcat:2t4jyodi5bbhhjtjb43hzvmlna
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... ubjects who do not have MR examinations. A probabilistic brain model was constructed by spatially normalizing the locations of the functional brain areas in a study population, and modeling the distributions and estimates of the locations of the functional brain regions using probabilistic methods. The application of the probabilistic brain model to the target subject was based on a point set determined from the scalp and facial skin of the target subject. The methods were evaluated using data from four functional brain areas from 56 healthy subjects. The accuracy of the estimates of the locations of the functional brain regions was about nine millimeters.
Cavum septum pellucidum and psychopathy
2013
British Journal of Psychiatry
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The presence of cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) has been reported to be a neurodevelopmental marker of psychopathy. We scanned 26 violent offenders and 25 controls; 2 offenders and 2 controls had CSP (8% in both groups). Thus, the presence of CSP is not a common or a unique feature of antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy.
doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.123844
pmid:23908342
fatcat:5nsx6in5zfflfa2h3spcjxeiuq
Regulation of gingival epithelial cytokine response by bacterial cyclic dinucleotides
2018
Journal of Oral Microbiology
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Cyclic dinucleotides (cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP)) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Individual impacts of PAMPs on immune system have been evaluated, but simultaneous actions of multiple PAMPs have not been studied. Examination the effects of cyclic dinucleotides and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS on gingival epithelial cytokine response. Human gingival keratinocytes (HMK) were
doi:10.1080/20002297.2018.1538927
pmid:30598733
pmcid:PMC6263105
fatcat:fd7yoicr3vakpbeugw2qzm3b2m
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... ted with 1, 10, and 100 µM concentrations of c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, either in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis LPS. Intra- and extracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-1Ra, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were measured using the Luminex technique. LPS decreased extracellular IL-8 levels, while the presence of c-di-AMP inhibited this effect. Incubating HMK cells with c-di-AMP (alone or with LPS) elevated the extracellular level of MCP-1. Extracellular VEGF level increased when cells were incubated with LPS and c-di-GMP together, or with c-di-AMP alone. LPS and c-di-AMP suppressed intracellular IL-1β levels. The c-di-AMP elevated intracellular levels of IL-1Ra. c-di-AMP and, to a lesser extent, c-di-GMP regulate keratinocyte cytokine response, either as an aggregator or as a suppressor of LPS, depending on the cytokine type.
Subclinical Cerebral Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
1998
Archives of Neurology
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Partanen, and Manninen), Neurology (Ms Ä ikiä and Drs Hartikainen and Enberg), Clinical Neurophysiology (Ms Könönen and Dr J. Partanen), and Surgery (Drs Tulla and Hippelä inen), Kuopio ...
doi:10.1001/archneur.55.5.618
pmid:9605718
fatcat:jqgk67vddvgohkjklzw7x7rsle
Alcohol consumption during adolescence is associated with reduced grey matter volumes
2017
Addiction
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Longitudinal study on modulated corticospinal excitability throughout recovery in supratentorial stroke
2016
Neuroscience Letters
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Longitudinal study on modulated corticospinal excitability throughout recovery in supratentorial stroke, Neuroscience Letters http://dx.Highlights Corticospinal excitability is modulated over 6 months recovery in stroke Asymmetry in CSE reaches normal levels after ~1 month after stroke onset Lesion size and severity correlate positively with reduced CSE rMT: Resting motor threshold SSS: Scandinavian stroke scale TA: Tibialis anterior TMS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation UH: Unaffected hemisphere
doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.014
pmid:26872852
fatcat:hyqkyrygwzhfzbh5jaajrzvefa
Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides and the cGAS–cGAMP–STING Pathway: A Role in Periodontitis?
2021
Pathogens
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Host cells can recognize cytosolic double-stranded DNAs and endogenous second messengers as cyclic dinucleotides—including c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP—of invading microbes via the critical and essential innate immune signaling adaptor molecule known as STING. This recognition activates the innate immune system and leads to the production of Type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we (1) focus on the possible role of bacterial cyclic dinucleotides and the
doi:10.3390/pathogens10060675
pmid:34070809
fatcat:vkivcnnei5dlpeb77bwnxdeji4
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... F3 pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and the regulation of periodontal immune response, and (2) review and discuss activators and inhibitors of the STING pathway as immune response regulators and their potential utility in the treatment of periodontitis. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched with the terms "STING", "TBK 1", "IRF3", and "cGAS"—alone, or together with "periodontitis". Current studies produced evidence for using STING-pathway-targeting molecules as part of anticancer therapy, and as vaccine adjuvants against microbial infections; however, the role of the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in periodontal disease pathogenesis is still undiscovered. Understanding the stimulation of the innate immune response by cyclic dinucleotides opens a new approach to host modulation therapies in periodontology.
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