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Modeling Traffic on the Web Graph
[chapter]
2010
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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Analysis of aggregate and individual Web requests shows that Page-Rank is a poor predictor of traffic. We use empirical data to characterize properties of Web traffic not reproduced by Markovian models, including both aggregate statistics such as page and link traffic, and individual statistics such as entropy and session size. As no current model reconciles all of these observations, we present an agent-based model that explains them through realistic browsing behaviors: (1) revisiting
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18009-5_6
fatcat:5kfaaffemvfhllybn35fr2gvh4
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... ed pages; (2) backtracking; and (3) seeking out novel pages of topical interest. The resulting model can reproduce the behaviors we observe in empirical data, especially heterogeneous session lengths, reconciling the narrowly focused browsing patterns of individual users with the extreme variance in aggregate traffic measurements. We can thereby identify a few salient features that are necessary and sufficient to interpret Web traffic data. Beyond the descriptive and explanatory power of our model, these results may lead to improvements in Web applications such as search and crawling.
Remembering what we like: Toward an agent-based model of Web traffic
[article]
2009
arXiv
pre-print
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BOOKRANK MODEL The introduction of PageRank [2] and the subsequent development of Google marked a turning point in the history of the Web. ...
arXiv:0901.3839v1
fatcat:3ssuvvjarbeundvek6hjbpxfyi
Mapping the diffusion of scholarly knowledge among major U.S. research institutions
2006
Scientometrics
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., communication among mobile robots
2 ; social network analysis
3, 4
Börner, Katy, Penumarthy, Shashikant, Meiss, Mark and Ke, Weimao. ...
, Mark and Ke, Weimao. ...
doi:10.1007/s11192-006-0120-2
fatcat:vobozmff5zaebmjnuh3rvvrmmm
Truthy
2011
Proceedings of the 20th international conference companion on World wide web - WWW '11
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Upon examining these features, the user can choose to mark the meme as 'truthy.' ...
Some examples of popular tags are #gop and #obama, marking discussion about the Republican party and President Obama, respectively. ...
doi:10.1145/1963192.1963301
dblp:conf/www/RatkiewiczCMGPFM11
fatcat:qz2x6uscwvhlnfsddicwb7yumi
On the lack of typical behavior in the global Web traffic network
2005
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web - WWW '05
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We find that client-server interaction patterns show marked scalefree properties, with statistical distributions of traffic properties varying over a wide range of length scales. ...
doi:10.1145/1060745.1060820
dblp:conf/www/MeissMV05
fatcat:tvoqoyo2j5aw5jxfbfwiueilke
Sustained activation of AMP-activated protein kinase induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and apoptosis in liver cells
2002
FEBS Letters
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Meisse). ...
Meisse et al./FEBS Letters 526 (2002) 38^42 ...
doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03110-1
pmid:12208500
fatcat:v7ztkc5m3nftpbomqc3366ovka
What's in a session
2009
Proceedings of the 20th ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HT '09
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We examine the properties of all HTTP requests generated by a thousand undergraduates over a span of two months. Preserving user identity in the data set allows us to discover novel properties of Web traffic that directly affect models of hypertext navigation. We find that the popularity of Web sites -- the number of users who contribute to their traffic -- lacks any intrinsic mean and may be unbounded. Further, many aspects of the browsing behavior of individual users can be approximated by
doi:10.1145/1557914.1557946
dblp:conf/ht/MeissDGRM09
fatcat:fmyhk3gcb5bfpa7tj23pgy7ppu
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... -normal distributions even though their aggregate behavior is scale-free. Finally, we show that users' click streams cannot be cleanly segmented into sessions using timeouts, affecting any attempt to model hypertext navigation using statistics of individual sessions. We propose a strictly logical definition of sessions based on browsing activity as revealed by referrer URLs; a user may have several active sessions in their click stream at any one time. We demonstrate that applying a timeout to these logical sessions affects their statistics to a lesser extent than a purely timeout-based mechanism.
Agents, bookmarks and clicks
2010
Proceedings of the 21st ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia - HT '10
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Analysis of aggregate and individual Web traffic has shown that PageRank is a poor model of how people navigate the Web. Using the empirical traffic patterns generated by a thousand users, we characterize several properties of Web traffic that cannot be reproduced by Markovian models. We examine both aggregate statistics capturing collective behavior, such as page and link traffic, and individual statistics, such as entropy and session size. No model currently explains all of these empirical
doi:10.1145/1810617.1810658
dblp:conf/ht/MeissGRFM10
fatcat:7uch2vwyovgqjajdie5fpncjwu
more »
... ervations simultaneously. We show that all of these traffic patterns can be explained by an agent-based model that takes into account several realistic browsing behaviors. First, agents maintain individual lists of bookmarks (a non-Markovian memory mechanism) that are used as teleportation targets. Second, agents can retreat along visited links, a branching mechanism that also allows us to reproduce behaviors such as the use of a back button and tabbed browsing. Finally, agents are sustained by visiting novel pages of topical interest, with adjacent pages being more topically related to each other than distant ones. This modulates the probability that an agent continues to browse or starts a new session, allowing us to recreate heterogeneous session lengths. The resulting model is capable of reproducing the collective and individual behaviors we observe in the empirical data, reconciling the narrowly focused browsing patterns of individual users with the extreme heterogeneity of aggregate traffic measurements. This result allows us to identify a few salient features that are necessary and sufficient to interpret the browsing patterns observed in our data. In addition to the descriptive and explanatory power of such a model, our results may lead the way to more sophisticated, realistic, and effective ranking and crawling algorithms.
Long-term real-world experience with ipilimumab and non-ipilimumab therapies in advanced melanoma: the IMAGE study
2021
BMC Cancer
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Background Ipilimumab has shown long-term overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced melanoma in clinical trials, but robust real-world evidence is lacking. We present long-term outcomes from the IMAGE study (NCT01511913) in patients receiving ipilimumab and/or non-ipilimumab (any approved treatment other than ipilimumab) systemic therapies. Methods IMAGE was a multinational, prospective, observational study assessing adult patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab or
doi:10.1186/s12885-021-08032-y
pmid:34051732
fatcat:74v4fkx2qrcdvo74acdktnbkim
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... imumab systemic therapies between June 2012 and March 2015 with ≥3 years of follow-up. Adjusted OS curves based on multivariate Cox regression models included covariate effects. Safety and patient-reported outcomes were assessed. Results Among 1356 patients, 1094 (81%) received ipilimumab and 262 (19%) received non-ipilimumab index therapy (systemic therapy [chemotherapy, anti–programmed death 1 antibodies, or BRAF ± MEK inhibitors], radiotherapy, and radiosurgery). In the overall population, median age was 64 years, 60% were male, 78% were from Europe, and 78% had received previous treatment for advanced melanoma. In the ipilimumab-treated cohort, 780 (71%) patients did not receive subsequent therapy (IPI-noOther) and 314 (29%) received subsequent non-ipilimumab therapy (IPI-Other) on study. In the non-ipilimumab–treated cohort, 205 (78%) patients remained on or received other subsequent non-ipilimumab therapy (Other-Other) and 57 (22%) received subsequent ipilimumab therapy (Other-IPI) on study. Among 1151 patients who received ipilimumab at any time during the study (IPI-noOther, IPI-Other, and Other-IPI), 296 (26%) reported CTCAE grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events, most occurring in year 1. Ipilimumab-treated and non-ipilimumab–treated patients who switched therapy (IPI-Other and Other-IPI) had longer OS than those who did not switch (IPI-noOther and Other-Other). Patients with prior therapy who did not switch therapy (IPI-noOther and Other-Other) showed similar OS. In treatment-naive patients, those in the IPI-noOther group tended to have longer OS than those in the Other-Other group. Patient-reported outcomes were similar between treatment cohorts. Conclusions With long-term follow-up (≥ 3 years), safety and OS in this real-world population of patients treated with ipilimumab 3 mg/kg were consistent with those reported in clinical trials. Patient-reported quality of life was maintained over the study period. OS analysis across both pretreated and treatment-naive patients suggested a beneficial role of ipilimumab early in treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01511913. Registered January 19, 2012 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01511913
OSoMe: the IUNI observatory on social media
2016
PeerJ Computer Science
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; Mike Conover is an employee of LinkedIn; Mark Meiss, Jacob Ratkiewicz, and Alex Rudnick are employees of Google; Lilian Weng is an employee of Affirm; and Tak-Lon Wu is an employee of Amazon. ...
doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.87
fatcat:pnvw3l4jpba4jcpobftugkjv7m
The Undergraduate Training in Genomics (UTRIG) Initiative: early & active training for physicians in the genomic medicine era
2018
Personalized Medicine
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Genomic medicine is transforming patient care. However, the speed of development has left a knowledge gap between discovery and effective implementation into clinical practice. Since 2010, the Training Residents in Genomics (TRIG) Working Group has found success in building a rigorous genomics curriculum with implementation tools aimed at pathology residents in postgraduate training years 1-4. Based on the TRIG model, the interprofessional Undergraduate Training in Genomics (UTRIG) Working
doi:10.2217/pme-2017-0077
pmid:29843583
pmcid:PMC6008245
fatcat:mqkjqmarc5hz3n2ejic6ucnhn4
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... was formed. Under the aegis of the Undergraduate Medical Educators Section of the Association of Pathology Chairs and representation from nine additional professional societies, UTRIG's collaborative goal is building medical student genomic literacy through development of a ready-to-use genomics curriculum. Key elements to the UTRIG curriculum are expert consensus-driven objectives, active learning methods, rigorous assessment and integration.
Blueberries improve biomarkers of cardiometabolic function in participants with metabolic syndrome—results from a 6-month, double-blind, randomized controlled trial
2019
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Anthocyanin-rich blueberry intake is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in prospective studies, although long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been conducted in at-risk populations.
doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy380
pmid:31136659
pmcid:PMC6537945
fatcat:3ajyezzlrbclvg7udu3ko2gc7q
Page 415 of The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism Vol. 11, Issue 4
[page]
1953
The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
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Meiss would accept such a verdict. ...
To the German historian the plague only marks the final culmination of these waves of mysticism and hysteria, a culmination which is at the same time the turning point towards a more optimistic and shallow ...
Denosumab and surgery for the treatment of Perthes' disease in a 9-year-old boy: favorable course documented by comprehensive imaging— a case report
2017
Figshare
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Meiss D.indd SD1 11100 Meiss D.indd SD1 2/22/2017 5:43:26 PM 2/22/2017 5:43:26 PM Supplementary data (2/4) Acta Orthopaedica 2017; 88 (DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1298020)
Meiss D.indd SD2 11100 Meiss ...
Marked synovitis. Simultaneous radiographs still showed no sclerosis of the epiphysis, but a slight reduction in epiphyseal height and some anterior fl attening. ...
doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.4751182
fatcat:zhozejuhmzhlrichxtybaiw6em
Accounting for Dante: Urban Readers and Writers in Late Medieval Italy. Justin Steinberg
2008
Speculum
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The epilogue describes the meeting with Beatrice in Eden as initially constituting "a violent and realistic contrasto," marked by "colloquial forms," which exemplifies "the extent to which the poet was ...
Meiss explained the shift toward artistic conservatism in the latter half of the century as, in Steinhoff's phrase, a religion-driven backlash. ...
doi:10.1017/s0038713400015281
fatcat:wrxkq7yeerb4vme5pstia6g62q
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