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Learning from Comparisons and Choices
[article]
2018
arXiv
pre-print
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Given such individualized ordinal data in the form of comparisons and choices, we address the problem of collaboratively learning representations of the users and the items. ...
When tracking user-specific online activities, each user's preference is revealed in the form of choices and comparisons. ...
Acknowledgments SN acknowledges support from NSF Grant DMS 1723128. SO and KT acknowledge support from NSF grants CCF 1553452, CNS 1527754, CCF 1705007, and RI 1815535. ...
arXiv:1704.07228v2
fatcat:mkmxc7pbiremnid2vzpu5p662e
CESifo CHOICE OF CONSTITUTIONS AND ELECTORAL SYSTEMS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES LEARNING FROM DOWN UNDER CHINESE RECIPE AGAINST TAX EVASION PUBLIC ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES MONETARY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION REFERRAL TO ALMPS RECRUITMENT OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS ANTI-DISCRIMINATION REGULATION NEW AT DICE DATABASE, CONFERENCES, BOOKS DICE REPORT Journal for Institutional Comparisons
unpublished
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1995 and especially since 1999, due to a decrease in Italy, France, Portugal, Spain and Greece that has offset increases in the majority of other countries ( Figure) . ...
Make your economy a model economy The argument that economics has much to learn from behaviour in model economies just as biology learns from model species directs attention at the experience of economies ...
A good example stems from a comparison of the United Kingdom and Italy in the 1970s and 1980s. Both countries went through difficulties. ...
fatcat:w4u3v6ca3vfqhhf36royyamypq
Monkeys choose, but do not learn, through exclusion
2018
Animal Behavior and Cognition
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In experiment 1, monkeys demonstrated choice by exclusion by choosing a novel comparison image from among known comparison images when presented with a novel sample image. ...
In experiment 2, monkeys failed to benefit from choice by exclusion in learning new sets of paired associates. ...
However, few studies have tested whether nonhuman animals learn from these choices. ...
doi:10.26451/abc.05.01.02.2018
pmid:32864425
pmcid:PMC7450826
fatcat:occeer5hzfcutee2cxhyggy744
Learning from Mixed Feedback: Anticipation of the Future Reduces Appreciation of the Present
2007
Journal of Consumer Research
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In particular, the anticipation of similar future choices increases consumers' sensitivity to comparisons with better alternatives and reduces their liking of the chosen option. ...
and fail to appreciate the value of their current choice. ...
LEARNING FROM MIXED FEEDBACK Both favorable and unfavorable comparisons provide valuable information to the decision maker. ...
doi:10.1086/519148
fatcat:vbchy5foazbrbgw5mzf727mcre
Comparison-Based Choices
[article]
2017
arXiv
pre-print
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A rich and growing line of work in the behavioral sciences indicate that human choices follow not only from the utility of alternatives, but also from the choice set in which alternatives are presented ...
We also introduce a class of choice functions we call distance-comparison-based functions, and briefly discuss the analysis of such functions. ...
[31] , with possible relevance to learning from distancecomparison-based choices. ...
arXiv:1705.05735v1
fatcat:6tmwd3xhprdlzfljd6mmhqvvqq
Visual working memory in decision making by honey bees
2005
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Bees that have learned to use the relevant sample and to ignore the irrelevant sample can generalize this learning, and apply it to novel sets of sample and comparison stimuli that they have never previously ...
Performance is significantly better than random-choice level even at delays as long as 5 sec and is reduced to random-choice levels at an average delay time of 8.68 ؎ 0.06 sec. ...
In the first type of control test (see Materials and Methods), the choice frequency for one of the two (identical) comparison stimuli was 0.48, which was not significantly different from the random choice ...
doi:10.1073/pnas.0501440102
pmid:15795382
pmcid:PMC555688
fatcat:fzrjrcalwzdt5czqu44rexlgqe
Implications of Human Irrationality for Reinforcement Learning
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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We suggest that human irrationalities may offer a productive source of inspiration for improving the design of AI architectures and machine learning methods. ...
Previous work has shown that by taking into account choice context and making relational observations, people can maximize expected value. ...
We then define a contextual choice problem as a POMDP that includes "comparison" observations and describe how to solve this POMDP with a reinforcement learning agent. ...
arXiv:2006.04072v1
fatcat:ve4jgzo565bivlwblwpgjwwkjm
The Computational Development of Reinforcement Learning during Adolescence
2016
PLoS Computational Biology
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In addition, while adults learned symmetrically from both reward and punishment, adolescents learned from reward but were less likely to learn from punishment. ...
Here, we aimed to trace the developmental time-course of the computational modules responsible for learning from reward or punishment, and learning from counterfactual feedback. ...
Acknowledgments We thank Ashok Sakhardande, Delia Fuhrmann and Emily Garrett for helping with behavioural testing.
Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: SP SJB. ...
doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004953
pmid:27322574
pmcid:PMC4920542
fatcat:ztmyzuvnyzejtfyhynciy73i3q
Choice based on exclusion in pigeons
2003
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
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Presumably, the participants eliminate from choice those comparisons that have learned associations with other samples. ...
One response to either comparison constituted a choice and ended comparison presentation. ...
doi:10.3758/bf03196558
pmid:15000545
fatcat:5rul3bmjefattcqd4ig543edbe
Discrimination Probes for Evaluating Learning of Emergent Name-Object Relations by Exclusion
2018
Temas em Psicologia
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Choices of the comparison corresponding to the sample would indicate learning. Naming probes. ...
The criterion used to attest to occurrence of learning by exclusion was the correct choice in the two discrimination probes of the fi rst session, but, for purposes of comparison, the learning and naming ...
doi:10.9788/tp2018.4-19en
fatcat:fi4v6zetsbd4vo2j6pb5cyu4ne
Page 165 of Journal of Comparative Psychology Vol. 42, Issue 3
[page]
1949
Journal of Comparative Psychology
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We have a measure of the relative effectiveness of primary and secondary rewards. In addition, this comparison serves as a check of our first index of learning. ...
Then a comparison of the mean number of cor- rect choices made by this group with the means of the other groups tells us some- thing about the learning of the other groups. ...
Some tests of the anticipatory mediated generalization model of acquired sample equivalence in pigeons' many-to-one matching
2001
Animal Learning and Behavior
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In this task, different-looking sample stimuli (e.g., a red hue and a white-on-black vertical line) initially occasion the same comparison choice response, whereas other disparate samples (e.g., a green ...
Moreover, this learned categorical discrimination often generalizes immediately and accurately to novel instances of the trained categories. ...
The acquired equivalence that might arise from this history can be assessed by whether or not new comparison choices learned to some of the samples immediately generalize to the remaining samples. ...
doi:10.3758/bf03192892
fatcat:22drbvdkgjhw3fkwfyfapz3ruu
The intermediate learner's choice of self-as-a-model strategies and the eight-session practice in learning of the front crawl swim
2017
Kinesiology
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Results showed better learning of the front crawl swim for the choice group in comparison to the yoked and control group. ...
choice group), and control group (did not watch any video). ...
The Mann-Whitney U test showed that the choice group was different from both the yoked and control groups (p<.01) and that the yoked group was different from the control group (p<.01). ...
doi:10.26582/k.49.1.8
fatcat:5zxmcnttufbgng6urcm42ngiky
A Comparative Study of Relational Learning Capacity in Honeybees (Apis mellifera) and Stingless Bees (Melipona rufiventris)
2012
PLoS ONE
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choice for pattern-colour relations and 73.3% for colour-pattern relations. ...
A second bee species, the stingless bee Melipona rufiventris from Brazil, seems unable to learn the same arbitrary relations between colours and patterns, although it exhibits excellent discrimination ...
All experiments were conducted in strict accordance with national guidelines and regulations for animal research in Australia and Brazil.
Author Contributions ...
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051467
pmid:23251542
pmcid:PMC3518466
fatcat:rwqc6tkzvncgzkjppvq57oki2u
Damage to the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Impairs Learning from Observed Outcomes
2015
Cerebral Cortex
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Individuals learn both from the outcomes of their own internally generated actions ("experiential learning") and from the observation of the consequences of externally generated actions ("observational ...
We explored the necessity of the vmPFC for observational learning by testing a group of patients with damage to the vmPFC as well as demographically matched normal comparison and brain-damaged comparison ...
Notes The authors thank Christopher Kovach, Joel Bruss, and Robin Berman for their assistance with this project, and Ed Wasserman and Thomas Zentall for discussions on observational learning. ...
doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv080
pmid:25911415
pmcid:PMC4810001
fatcat:kpry7gr6sffa3aqvxurpj4ywm4
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