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CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy): Technique, Indications and Performance
2007
Digestion
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CT Colonography, Background and Rationale Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States accounting for approximately 10% of all cancer deaths in both men and women combined [1, 2] . The adenoma carcinoma sequence refers to the process of transformation of small adenomas into large adenomas, then into noninvasive carcinoma and finally into invasive carcinoma, through a series of genetic mutations. Colorectal cancer is a curable disease if detected early
doi:10.1159/000108392
pmid:17947817
fatcat:ultdyozyufdsbg3tcd6coih3f4
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... d may be prevented if precursor adenomas are detected and removed. Regular colon cancer screening has been recommended by the medical community for all individuals over 50 years of age and for individuals over 40 years of age with a significant family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors. Screening programs using fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, conventional colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema have reduced the mortality from colorectal cancer [3] . The goal of these programs is to interrupt the adenoma-carcinoma progression by identifying and removing small polyps before they become malignant as most carcinomas arise from pre-existing adenomas [3] . Mortality is reduced in screening populations thanks to early detection of malignant lesions and identification and removal of premalignant lesions. Screening for colorectal cancer is cost-effective, but a single optimal strategy has not yet been determined [4] .
Enigma of primary aortoduodenal fistula
2009
World Journal of Gastroenterology
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A diagnosis of primary aortoenteric fistula is difficult to make despite a high level of clinical suspicion. It should be considered in any elderly patient who presents with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of a known abdominal aortic aneurysm. We present the case of young man with no history of abdominal aortic aneurysm who presented with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Initial misdiagnosis led to a delay in treatment and the patient succumbing to the illness. This case
doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3191
pmid:19575502
pmcid:PMC2705745
fatcat:5zpntl4i4vcgpdlmrm2fo2rzki
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... s unique in that the fistula formed as a result of complex atherosclerotic disease of the abdominal aorta, and not from an aneurysm. P e e r re v i e w e r s : D r. L i m a s K u p c i n s k a s , P r o f e s s o r,
Virtual nonenhanced abdominal dual-energy MDCT: Analysis of image characteristics
2012
World Journal of Radiology
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Jacob Sosna, Professor is the principle investigator under a research agreement with Philips HealthCare. Dr. Liran Goshen and Dr. Galit Kafri are employees of Philips HealthCare. ...
Inferior vena cava
12.2 ± 11.6
< 0.0001
Aorta
38.0 ± 9.3
< 0.0001
Iliac vein
8.3 ± 7.9
0.0225
Iliac artery
38.4 ± 15.0
< 0.0001
April 28, 2012|Volume 4|Issue 4| WJR|www.wjgnet.com
Sosna ...
doi:10.4329/wjr.v4.i4.167
pmid:22590671
pmcid:PMC3351685
fatcat:7nbuig52mzfxvgqkhzlddwvmoq
Middle Ear Virtual Endoscopy in Malleus Fracture and Dislocation
2008
Open Otorhinolaryngology Journal
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Ossicular injury is a frequent complication of head trauma and temporal bone fractures. An isolated fracture of the malleus with lateral dislocation of the manubrium is extremely rare. High-resolution computed tomography is the method of choice for evaluation of ossicular trauma. Virtual endoscopy (VE) is a novel technique that provides a realistic surface rendering of various organs that can be applied for the use of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. We report a case of malleus handle
doi:10.2174/1874428100802010023
fatcat:5czzauu4rjazta6qnlc7mzayky
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... ture and dislocation after head trauma with confirmation of the diagnosis by VE of the middle ear.
Collective detection based on visual information in animal groups
[article]
2021
bioRxiv
pre-print
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AbstractThe spatio-temporal distribution of individuals within a group (i.e its internal structure) plays a defining role in how individuals interact with their environment, make decisions, and transmit information via social interactions. Group-living organisms across taxa, including many species of fish, birds, ungulates, and insects, use vision as the predominant modality to coordinate their collective behavior. Despite this importance, there have been few quantitative studies examining
doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431380
fatcat:sfoky7lucvdyhgxinebmv7yetq
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... l detection capabilities of individuals within groups. We investigate key principles underlying individual, and collective, visual detection of stimuli (which could include cryptic predators, potential food items, etc.) and how this relates to the internal structure of groups. While the individual and collective detection principles are generally applicable, we employ a model experimental system of schooling golden shiner fish (Notemigonus crysoleucas) to relate theory directly to empirical data, using computational reconstruction of the visual fields of all individuals to do so. Our integrative approach allows us to reveal how the external visual information available to each group member depends on the number of individuals in the group, the position within the group, and the location of the external visually-detectable stimulus. We find that in small groups, individuals have detection capability in nearly all directions, while in large groups, occlusion by neighbors causes detection capability to vary with position within the group. We then formulate a simple, and generally applicable, model that captures how visual detection properties emerge due to geometric scaling of the space occupied by the group and occlusion caused by neighbors. We employ these insights to discuss principles that extend beyond our specific system, such as how collective detection depends on individual body shape, and the size and structure of the group.
Multiple myeloma involving the thyroid cartilage: case report
2002
American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Multiple myeloma involving the thyroid cartilage is exceedingly rare. We describe a patient with progressive airway obstruction due to diffuse involvement of the thyroid cartilage with multiple myeloma. CT revealed a conglomerate of calcifications of the thyroid cartilage. Additional classic lytic lesions of multiple myeloma were subsequently found in the bones, without associated calcifications. Calcified matrix in multiple myeloma involving the thyroid cartilage should now be included as an
pmid:11847062
pmcid:PMC7975273
fatcat:ry3nwgtx4nd73o5w6rpx4lu5fq
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... ditional manifestation of extraosseous multiple myeloma.
Missed Lesions at Abdominal Oncologic CT: Lessons Learned from Quality Assurance
2008
Radiographics
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The evaluation of oncology patients represents a substantial volume of the workload in many radiology departments. Interpreting the results of oncologic examinations is often challenging and time-consuming because many abnormalities are identified in the same examination and must be compared with the findings in previous studies. However, errors in the interpretation of oncologic computed tomographic (CT) scans can have significant effects on patient care. These effects may range from
doi:10.1148/rg.283075188
pmid:18480475
fatcat:zehbj2iwczbnllhvtokv3rruja
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... from a clinical trial or cessation of therapy to repeat CT examination because of a technically inadequate study, CTguided biopsy of newly identified lesions, or initiation of therapy for previously unrecognized lesions. A root cause analysis of reported errors in the interpretation of abdominal and pelvic CT scans led to the identification of potential pitfalls that may be encountered when interpreting oncologic CT scans and factors that contribute to these errors. Awareness of the spectrum of factors that contribute to misinterpretation of CT scans in oncology patients may improve the performance of the individual radiologist and ultimately translate into improved patient care. © RSNA, 2008 • Abbreviation: PACS = picture archiving and communication system RadioGraphics 2008; 28:623-638 • Published online 10.1148/rg.283075188 • Content Codes:
A Bayesian Approach for Liver Analysis: Algorithm and Validation Study
[chapter]
2008
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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We present a new method for the simultaneous, nearly automatic segmentation of liver contours, vessels, and metastatic lesions from abdominal CTA scans. The method repeatedly applies multi-resolution, multi-class smoothed Bayesian classification followed by morphological adjustment and active contours refinement. It uses multi-class and voxel neighborhood information to compute an accurate intensity distribution function for each class. The method requires only one or two user-defined voxel
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85988-8_11
fatcat:z6n6cabt4vhp5klmrtg7c2ykuu
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... s, with no manual adjustment of internal parameters. A retrospective study on two validated clinical datasets totaling 56 CTAs was performed. We obtained correlations of 0.98 and 0.99 with a manual ground truth liver volume estimation for the first and second databases, and a total score of 67.87 for the second database. These results suggest that our method is accurate, efficient, and robust to seed selection compared to manually generated ground truth segmentation and to other semi-automatic segmentation methods.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Clinical and Imaging Features of Vascular Compression Syndromes
2012
Radiographics
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Biochemical phosphates observed using hyperpolarized 31P in physiological aqueous solutions
2017
Nature Communications
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The dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization technology had previously enabled nuclear magnetic resonance detection of various nuclei in a hyperpolarized state. Here, we show the hyperpolarization of 31 P nuclei in important biological phosphates (inorganic phosphate and phosphocreatine) in aqueous solutions. The hyperpolarized inorganic phosphate showed an enhancement factor >11,000 (at 5.8 T, 9.3% polarization) in D 2 O (T 1 29.4 s). Deuteration and the solution composition and pH all
doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00364-3
pmid:28839124
pmcid:PMC5570947
fatcat:v5i4n6pdwrerjdvcvuavh2ejki
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... the lifetime of the hyperpolarized state. This capability opens up avenues for real-time monitoring of phosphate metabolism, distribution, and pH sensing in the live body without ionizing radiation. Immediate changes in the microenvironment pH have been detected here in a cell-free system via the chemical shift of hyperpolarized inorganic phosphate. Because the 31 P nucleus is 100% naturally abundant, future studies on hyperpolarized phosphates will not require expensive isotope labeling as is usually required for hyperpolarization of other substrates.
The Occurrence, Recrudescence, and Worsening of Asthma in a Population of Young Adults
1999
Chest
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Objective: To describe the rates of exacerbation of existing asthma and incidence of new disease in Israeli men during military service. Design: All 17-year-old Israeli nationals are obliged by law to appear at the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) recruiting office for medical examination. The medical history of army recruits was noted during the 30-month period after their induction into the IDF, and medical examinations were performed by pulmonary specialists in all suspected cases of asthma. The
doi:10.1378/chest.116.3.614
pmid:10492261
fatcat:xmdptkg6dfdgfp2l5gcnn6zeei
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... uty status of the soldiers in combat units (CUs), maintenance units (MUs), and clerical tasks was related to their asthma status. Results: Of a total of 59,058 recruits, 1.0% developed asthma during the 30 months of this study; of those in CUs, 1.2% developed asthma; of those in MUs, 0.8% developed asthma; and of those performing clerical tasks, 0.6% developed asthma. The relative risk for developing or worsening of asthma was related to both the preexisting asthma status of the recruit and the environment in which he carried out his military service. The annual incidence of occupational-related asthma in MUs was found to be 800/million: five to six times the rates reported elsewhere. Conclusions: Service in CUs was associated with an increased frequency of exacerbation of asthma among recruits with previous disease and with the appearance of disease de novo. "Normal" conscripts with a history of childhood asthma are at a higher risk of developing overt asthma when compared to subjects with no such history. We found a 25% relative excess of incident cases of asthma in soldiers posted in MUs compared to those performing clerical tasks [(0.8 to 0.6%)/0.8%]. This difference is probably attributed to the difference in occupational hazards in these categories. Further studies are needed to determine if this represents the elicitation of underlying preexisting airway lability by new work demands or other environmental conditions, or if this represents a new development of airway lability because of specific immune or nonimmune factors. (CHEST 1999; 116:614 -618)
Strategies for Establishing a Comprehensive Quality and Performance Improvement Program in a Radiology Department
2009
Radiographics
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Quality Improvement in Radiology: Basic Principles and Tools Required to Achieve Success
2011
Radiographics
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All imaging departments are expected to establish and maintain effective quality, safety, and performance improvement programs. Essential components of such programs include adherence to the basic principles of quality management and appropriate utilization of quality tools. The initial step is the gathering of relevant information, followed by the collection and analysis of quality and performance data; analysis and ranking of causes that likely contributed to a process failure, error, or
doi:10.1148/rg.316115501
pmid:21997978
fatcat:qmbrqfbfffebbmnnww5wsoi3zq
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... se event; and prioritization and local implementation of solutions, with careful monitoring of newly implemented processes and wider dissemination of the tools when a process proves to be successful. Quality improvement requires a careful, dedicated, and continuously planned effort by a number of skilled and committed team members, with the goal being to do the right thing in a timely fashion in every case. This process can be sustained by offering rewards and celebrating successes, with all lessons learned disseminated throughout the department or organization. © RSNA,
Blind spots at oncological CT: lessons learned from PET/CT
2012
Cancer Imaging
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Improved accuracy in oncological computed tomography (CT) could lead to a decrease in morbidity and improved survival for oncology patients. Visualization of metabolic activity using the glucose analogue [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in combination with the high anatomic resolution of CT in an integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/CT examination has the highest sensitivity and specificity for the detection of primary and metastatic lesions. However, PET/CT costs are high and patient
doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0030
pmid:22935164
pmcid:PMC3458785
fatcat:6un25evkfjf3tdevquvlkdkgba
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... cess is limited; thus CT remains the primary imaging modality in oncology patients. We have noted that subtle lesions are more easily detected on CT by radiologists with PET/CT experience. We aimed to provide a brief review of the literature with comparisons of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and PET/CT in primary and metastatic disease with an emphasis on findings that may be overlooked on MDCT in cancer of the breast, lung, colon, and ovaries, and in melanoma, as well as thrombosis in oncology patients. We further reviewed our experience for illustrative comparisons of PET/CT and MDCT studies. Experience in interpreting conventional CT scans alongside PET/CT can help the reader develop an appreciation for the subtle appearance of some lesions on CT that might otherwise be missed. This could improve detection rates, reduce errors, and improve patient management.
Differentiation of Heterogeneous Mouse Liver from HCC by Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance
2021
Sci
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The clinical characterization of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions in the liver and differentiation from heterogeneous inflammatory or fibrotic background is important for early detection and treatment. Metabolic monitoring of hyperpolarized 13C-labeled substrates has been suggested as a new avenue for diagnostic magnetic resonance. The metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was monitored in mouse precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) of aged MDR2-KO mice, which served as a model
doi:10.3390/sci3010008
fatcat:r2t6dc4urzaxbltnrujtf3u3ru
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... r heterogeneous liver and HCC that develops similarly to the human disease. The relative in-cell activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to alanine transaminase (ALT) were found to be 0.40 ± 0.06 (n = 3) in healthy livers (from healthy mice), 0.90 ± 0.27 (n = 3) in heterogeneously inflamed liver, and 1.84 ± 0.46 (n = 3) in HCC. Thus, the in-cell LDH/ALT activities ratio was found to correlate with the progression of the disease. The results suggest that the LDH/ALT activities ratio may be useful in the assessment of liver disease. Because the technology used here is translational to both small liver samples that may be obtained from image-guided biopsy (i.e., ex vivo investigation) and to the intact liver (i.e., in a noninvasive MRI scan), these results may provide a path for differentiating heterogeneous liver from HCC in human subjects.
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