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Ein Testverfahren für optimierende Codegeneratoren
2005
Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung
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Zusammenfassung: Die im Rahmen der Modell-basierten Entwicklung eingebetteter Steuerungs-und Regelungssoftware eingesetzten optimierenden Codegeneratoren müssen einer intensiven Qualitätssicherung unterzogen werden. Dem Einsatz von Testsuiten kommt dabei eine zentrale Rolle zu. Der Beitrag beschreibt den Aufbau einer modularen Testsuite für Codegeneratoren und schlägt einen Testansatz vor, der eine systematische Prüfung der vom Codegenerator angewendeten Optimierungstechniken ermöglicht. 1
doi:10.1007/s00450-005-0189-5
fatcat:bmbgebqr75frtehvuim4lla5m4
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... hrung Als Reaktion auf die gestiegenen Herausforderungen bei der Entwicklung eingebetteter Software im Kraftfahrzeug [6] vollzieht sich seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre ein Paradigmenwechsel, der durch den Übergang von der klassischen Programmentwicklung hin zu Modell-basierten Techniken gekennzeichnet ist [19], [18], [11], [27]. Kennzeichnend für die Modell-basierte Entwicklung ist die frühzeitige Beschreibung der eingebetteten Software durch ausführbare Modelle unter Verwendung von Funktionsblockdiagrammen und erweiterten Zustandsautomaten. Ein für diese Zwecke gebräuchliches Modellierungs-und Simulationswerkzeug, das sowohl im akademischen als auch im industriellen Umfeld weite Verbreitung gefunden hat, ist MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow 1 [15]. Während MATLAB als Basisumgebung fungiert, stellen die Erweiterungen Simulink und Stateflow graphische Editoren und Simulatoren für Blockschaltbilder bzw. Statecharts zur Verfügung. Derartige graphische Modelle dienen als Basis aller weiteren konstruktiven Entwicklungsschritte bis hin zur Implementierung der zu realisierenden Software. Während in der Vergangenheit eine manuelle Implementierung der Software die Regel war, existieren mittlerweile Codegeneratoren, wie z.B. TargetLink [25] oder der Real-Time Workshop [23], die automatisch effizienten Code direkt aus dem Softwaremodell generieren können (Modellbasierte Codegenerierung). Bei einem Codegenerator handelt es sich prinzipiell um einen Compiler, der eine Quellsprache (hier eine graphische Modellierungssprache wie Simulink/Stateflow) in eine Zielsprache (hier eine prozedurale Programmiersprache wie C oder ADA) übersetzt. In der automobilen Softwareentwicklung ist dabei der konsequente Einsatz 1 Weltweit ist von ca 100.000 Simulink/Stateflow-Anwendern auszugehen. von Optimierungstechniken durch die beschränkte Speicherkapazität auf der Zielhardware unverzichtbar. Die Modell-basierte Codegenerierung ermöglicht deutliche Effizienzgewinne bei der Implementierung der Modelle. Voraussetzung hierfür ist aber, dass der Codegenerator bei der Übersetzung bereits getesteter Modelle keine Fehler in die Software einbringt. Eine mögliche Fehlerquelle sind dabei eben jene Optimierungen, die die notwendige Effizienz des generierten Codes im Hinblick auf Ausführungsgeschwindigkeit und Speicherverbrauch gewährleisten. Codegeneratoren haben aber noch nicht die Betriebsbewährtheit von C-und ADA Compilern erreicht und müssen daher einer intensiven Qualitätssicherung durch Testen unterzogen werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt ein praxisorientiertes und systematisches Testverfahren für Codegenerator-Optimierungen. Die Codegenerierung wird dabei über das erfolgreiche Durchlaufen einer Testsuite abgesichert. Vorgestellt werden sowohl der generelle Aufbau einer solchen Testsuite, als auch ein Ansatz zur systematischen Erzeugung von Testfällen. Letztere prüfen die vom Codegenerator verwendeten Optimierungen. Der weitere Aufbau des Artikels ist wie folgt gegliedert: Kapitel 2 führt in die Modell-basierte Codegenerierung, Kapitel 3 in die dabei verwendeten Optimierungstechniken ein. In Kapitel 4 wird der generelle Ansatz zum Test von Codegeneratoren erläutert. Dieser wird in Kapitel 5 am Beispiel des Tests von Optimierungen umgesetzt. Kapitel 6 beschließt den Beitrag mit einer Zusammenfassung. 2 Modell-basierte Codegenerierung Die Modell-basierte Entwicklung eingebetteter Steuerungs-und Regelungssoftware ist durch den durchgehenden Einsatz ausführbarer Modelle in allen Entwicklungsphasen charakterisiert [11]. Die zu realisierende Funktion tritt dabei in verschiedenen, aufeinander aufbauenden Repräsentationsformen auf (Modellevolution): Ein (physikalisches) Funktionsmodell wird dabei um Realisierungsaspekte ergänzt, überarbeitet und schließlich mittels Codegeneratoren in optimierten Programmcode einer imperativen Programmiersprache (meist C) überführt. Der generierte Code kann auf verschiedenen Ausführungsplattformen (Host-PC, Evaluation Bord) analysiert bzw. getestet und anschließend in das eingebettete System (im Automobilbereich auch elektronisches Steuergerät (ECU) genannt) integriert werden (Abb. 1).
Overview of existing safeguarding techniques for automatically generated code
2005
Software engineering notes
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Code generators are increasingly used in an industrial context to translate graphical models into executable code. Since the code is often deployed in safety-related environments, the quality of the code generators is of paramount importance. In this paper, we will present and discuss state-of-the-art techniques for safeguarding automatic code generation applied in model-based development. © ACM, (2005) This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the ACM for
doi:10.1145/1082983.1083192
fatcat:qkklasq3izgajirw4ilplpsyo4
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... personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in ACM 1-59593-128-7/05/0005. http://doi.acm.
Generating Test Cases for Code Generators by Unfolding Graph Transformation Systems
[chapter]
2004
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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Code generators are widely used in the development of embedded software to automatically generate executable code from graphical specifications. However, at present, code generators are not as mature as classical compilers and they need to be extensively tested. This paper proposes a technique for systematically deriving suitable test cases for code generators, involving the interaction of chosen sets of rules. This is done by formalising the behaviour of a code generator by means of graph
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30203-2_15
fatcat:fkiz5g2pebduzetj364is3dbda
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... formation rules and exploiting unfolding-based techniques. Since the representation of code generators in terms of graph grammars typically makes use of rules with negative application conditions, the unfolding approach is extended to deal with this feature.
Overview of existing safeguarding techniques for automatically generated code
2005
Proceedings of the second international workshop on Software engineering for automotive systems - SEAS '05
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Code generators are increasingly used in an industrial context to translate graphical models into executable code. Since the code is often deployed in safety-related environments, the quality of the code generators is of paramount importance. In this paper, we will present and discuss state-of-the-art techniques for safeguarding automatic code generation applied in model-based development. © ACM, (2005) This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the ACM for
doi:10.1145/1083190.1083192
fatcat:jurrd3ypqzfqddp7lrsyfjqk7q
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... personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in ACM 1-59593-128-7/05/0005. http://doi.acm.
Experiences with model and autocode reviews in model-based software development
2006
Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Software engineering for automotive systems - SEAS '06
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., 2003] , [Stürmer, 2006] Cyclomatic Complexity used for measuring model and code complexity Number of decisions in the control flow of a function Guidelines suggest upper limit of 10 for a functions ...
doi:10.1145/1138474.1138483
fatcat:hdinhldx6zdxff73byod7tecjy
Quality Assurance Methods for Model-Based Development: A Survey and Assessment
2007
SAE Technical Paper Series
unpublished
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This paper examines state-of-the-art quality assurance (QA) techniques for model-based software development in the automotive domain. Both the aims and effort required to apply a certain method are discussed for all relevant QA techniques. Since QA techniques can only be used effectively if they are seamlessly integrated within the overall development process and among each other, an appropriate interconnection and order of application is important. Based on our experience from automotive
doi:10.4271/2007-01-0506
fatcat:xdiryyaqd5dadp3svdjx2o26ny
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... re development projects, we suggest a QA strategy that includes the selection of QA techniques and the sequence of their application.
Using Model and Code Reviews in Model-based Development of ECU Software
2006
SAE Technical Paper Series
unpublished
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CUBES Phase A design overview – The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph for the Very Large Telescope
[article]
2022
arXiv
pre-print
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We present the baseline conceptual design of the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) for the Very Large Telescope. CUBES will provide unprecedented sensitivity for spectroscopy on a 8 - 10 m class telescope in the ground ultraviolet (UV), spanning a bandwidth of > 100 nm that starts at 300 nm, the shortest wavelength accessible from the ground. The design has been optimized for end-to-end efficiency and provides a spectral resolving power of R > 20000, that will unlock a broad
arXiv:2203.15352v1
fatcat:c4lbgfp24rgkfakxwml7a7hm34
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... of new topics across solar system, Galactic and extraglactic astronomy. The design also features a second, lower-resolution (R \sim 7000) mode and has the option of a fiberlink to the UVES instrument for simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths. Here we present the optical, mechanical and software design of the various subsystems of the instrument after the Phase A study of the project. We discuss the expected performances for the layout choices and highlight some of the performance trade-offs considered to best meet the instrument top-level requirements. We also introduce the model-based system engineering approach used to organize and manage the project activities and interfaces, in the context that it is increasingly necessary to integrate such tools in the development of complex astronomical projects.
Initiating a commercial open source digital platform
2016
Zenodo
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(Stürmer, 2009 ). ...
Such extra large projects are roughly an order of magnitude times larger than any of the large vendor sponsored communities (Ingo, 2011) . ...
It is an direct copy from the presentation "How to grow your open source project 10x and revenues 5x" (Ingo, 2011): ...
doi:10.5281/zenodo.3960763
fatcat:5fh2gxrarraqllikcelosy6loq
Negociação coletiva de trabalho como direito fundamental | Collective labor negotiation a fundamental right
2017
Revista Justiça do Direito
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Acesso em: 10 abr. 2017.
74 Ver STÜRMER, Gilberto. ...
Porto Alegre: Livraria do
Advogado, 2007, p. 64-65.
75 OIT, 1948.
76 STÜRMER, 2007, p. 67 e seguintes.
77 STÜRMER, 2007, p. 60-61. ...
doi:10.5335/rjd.v31i2.7295
fatcat:22rmq37jgnbyfa6w6s3nx5iceq
Os direitos de personalidade e a prote��o ao nome diante dos servi�os de prote��o ao cr�dito
2011
Revista direitos humanos fundamentais
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SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. Dignidade da pessoa humana e direitos fundamentais na Constituição Federal de 1988. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2001, p. 60. Direito Civil. Parte Geral. 34. ed. ...
alcance, que reúne em seu bojo todo o espectro dos direitos humanos (que são tratados no âmbito privado como direitos da personalidade), que se esparge por diversas dimensões dogmático-jurídicas (...). 2 Ingo ...
doi:10.36751/rdh.v11i1.537
fatcat:3tv3tnsqfneztp5d3n7mexswzy
O conceito constitucional de assistência social à luz dos direitos fundamentais e a interpretação sistemática na decisão da liminar concedida na ADIN 2.028
2018
Revista Brasileira de Direitos Fundamentais & Justiça
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A imunidade se enquadra perfeitamente no conceito de direito de defesa, conforme lição de Ingo Wolfgang Sarlet 5 : "... ...
SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. Obra citada, p. 260. 6 PESTANA, Márcio. O Princípio da Imunidade Tributária. São Paulo: RT, 2001, p. 63. ...
doi:10.30899/dfj.v8i26.223
fatcat:2adq7dwwgfgubddib6gihb6s34
Achim Leube & Morten Hegewisch (eds.), Prähistorie und Nationalsozialismus. Die mittelund osteuropäische Ur- und Frühgeschichtsforschung in den Jahren 1933 – 1945. Studien zur Wissenschafts- und Universitätsgeschichte, Vol. 2. Heidelberg: Synchron 2002
2003
Bulletin of the History of Archaeology
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Further contributions are dedicated to Hans Schleif (Veit Stürmer, Berlin) and Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen (Günter Wegner, Hannover). ...
Ingo Wiwjorra's paper on the two identity myths "Ex oriente lux" and "Ex septentrione lux" (p. 73 -106) deals with another theme, which was widely discussed within the "Völkische Bewegung". ...
doi:10.5334/bha.13106
fatcat:ac3cq2wafvbrpcyusnlh6u26s4
As concepções do Direito de Ronald Dworkin e a liberdade sindical no Brasil
2017
Revista da Faculdade de Direito
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Nesse contexto, há de se inserir o direito à liberdade sindical (seja no nos chamados direitos de segunda plano individual, seja no plano coletivo ), dimensão. 6 6 Veja-se a propósito, SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang ...
doi:10.22456/0104-6594.73917
fatcat:x7wxzrbh3jfhhgoy3y3luf5b44
Erfahren und Üben im Browserfenster – Interaktives Lernen im B.Sc. Psychologie an der FernUniversität
[article]
2018
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Psychologie an der FernUniversität Robert Gaschler und Stefan Stürmer Während das B.Sc. ...
BEHRMANN Die Förderung diagnostischer Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften -HANS-PETER NOLTING Ein theoriebasiertes Seminarkonzept mit praktischen Übungen Leitlinien psychologischer Allgemeinbildung LARS HAUTEN UND INGO ...
doi:10.23668/psycharchives.1027
fatcat:jh43ccvvandyfakzsmmrawzrqe
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