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How to Handle Small Samples: Bootstrap and Bayesian Methods in the Analysis of Linguistic Change
2006
Literary and Linguistic Computing
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Bootstrap and Bayesian methods provide techniques for handling the uncertainty in small samples. ...
We describe these techniques for estimating frequencies from small samples, and show how they can be applied to the study of linguistic change. As a test case, ...
Acknowledgements The research carried out for this article by S.K., T.N. and H.R.-B. was supported by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence funding for the VARIENG Research Unit. ...
doi:10.1093/llc/fqm006
fatcat:achligkoh5dmbj2cl6uwiucizu
Bayesian computation: a perspective on the current state, and sampling backwards and forwards
[article]
2015
arXiv
pre-print
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The difficulties of modelling and then handling ever more complex datasets most likely call for a new type of tool for computational inference that dramatically reduce the dimension and size of the raw ...
In Bayesian inference, first and foremost, MCMC techniques continue to evolve, moving from random walk proposals to Langevin drift, to Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, and so on, with both theoretical and algorithmic ...
Bayesian computation began in order to answer rather practical problems -how can we perform a Bayesian analysis of these data using this model? ...
arXiv:1502.01148v3
fatcat:hkqwy2o35rf2jgzqpgsoj4uvde
Parsing low-resource languages using Gibbs sampling for PCFGs with latent annotations
2014
Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)
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We show that a Gibbs sampling technique is capable of parsing sentences in a wide variety of languages and producing results that are on-par with or surpass previous approaches. ...
Our results for Kinyarwanda and Malagasy in particular demonstrate that low-resource language parsing can benefit substantially from a Bayesian approach. ...
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Army Research Office. ...
doi:10.3115/v1/d14-1035
dblp:conf/emnlp/SunMB14
fatcat:t7benewcmrdqzmvskzto2tksia
Bayesian computation: a summary of the current state, and samples backwards and forwards
2015
Statistics and computing
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In Bayesian inference, first and foremost, MCMC techniques have continued to evolve, moving from random walk proposals to Langevin drift, to Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, and so on, with both theoretical and ...
The difficulties of modelling and then handling ever more complex datasets most likely call for a new type of tool for computational inference that dramatically reduces the dimension and size of the raw ...
, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. ...
doi:10.1007/s11222-015-9574-5
fatcat:mdlw3fdtvjfkxjyo2ivgwdv4oe
Sampling Tree Fragments from Forests
2014
Computational Linguistics
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We study the problem of sampling trees from forests, in the setting where probabilities for each tree may be a function of arbitrarily large tree fragments. ...
In this application, the forests being sampled represent the set of Hiero-style rules that are consistent with fixed input word-level alignments. ...
, LDC2006E34, LDC2006E85, LDC2006E92, LDC2006E24, LDC2006E92, LDC2006E24) The language model is trained on the English side of entire data (1.65M sentences, which is 39.3M words.) ...
doi:10.1162/coli_a_00170
fatcat:slvirjjyjbcrxjm66i3zklv7l4
Psychometric evaluation of the canine brief pain inventory in a Swedish sample of dogs with pain related to osteoarthritis
2017
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
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However, based on the confirmatory factor analysis, the original factor structure in the CBPI is not ideally suited to measure pain related to OA in our sample and the hypothesis of the presented twofactor ...
Confirmatory factor analysis was not able to confirm the factor-structure models tested in our sample. ...
Acknowledgements We are grateful to the dogs and their owners who participated in this study. ...
doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0311-2
pmid:28668080
pmcid:PMC5493851
fatcat:qeij4y4hxnah7hs2eiic3iy3ei
Tutorial on Computational Linguistic Phylogeny
2008
Language and Linguistics Compass
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This tutorial surveys the different methods and different types of linguistic data that have been used to estimate phylogenies, explains the scientific and mathematical foundations of phylogenetic estimation ...
Over the last 10 or more years, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of computational techniques (many of which come directly from biology) for estimating evolutionary histories (i.e., phylogenies ...
Short Biographies
Johanna Nichols is Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures and Affiliate Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. ...
doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00082.x
fatcat:n6dkjfv7fza6zeog6xe3pjsbra
Indo-European phylogenetics with R
2020
Indo-European Linguistics
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I discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of these methods and in addition explicate various measures associated with phylogenetic estimation, including homoplasy indices and bootstrapping. ...
The last twenty or so years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of computational methods for inferring linguistic phylogenies. ...
Finally, computational methods-in particular maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian inference-enable historical linguists to infer phylogenies based on specific models of linguistic change (known as ...
doi:10.1163/22125892-20201000
fatcat:ipzgfnqr4rhyjlkfmzlgvrn2jy
Sampling and Ontologically Pooling Web Images for Visual Concept Learning
2012
IEEE transactions on multimedia
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For the former, a simple method named semantic field is introduced to handle the imprecise and incomplete image tags. ...
To boost the coverage or diversity of the training sets, we further propose an ontology-based hierarchical pooling method to collect samples not only based on the target concept alone, but also from ontologically ...
Under our application, a tag list can be treated as a SF, where the dominant semantics can be inferred by linguistic analysis of the tags. ...
doi:10.1109/tmm.2012.2190387
fatcat:bimponlnoze6lk7ofhd6xuwq3a
Integration of Multiple Bilingually-Trained Segmentation Schemes into Statistical Machine Translation
2011
IEICE transactions on information and systems
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In the first step, an iterative bootstrap method is applied to learn multiple segmentation schemes that are consistent with the phrasal segmentations of an SMT system trained on the resegmented bitext. ...
The method can be applied to any language pair in which the source language is unsegmented and the target language segmentation is known. ...
Acknowledgements This work is partly supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) Number 19500137. ...
doi:10.1587/transinf.e94.d.690
fatcat:jjimxygdpnbihbkex3rreuzicy
Statistically Significant Detection of Linguistic Change
[article]
2014
arXiv
pre-print
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We propose a new computational approach for tracking and detecting statistically significant linguistic shifts in the meaning and usage of words. ...
Our meta-analysis approach constructs property time series of word usage, and then uses statistically sound change point detection algorithms to identify significant linguistic shifts. ...
Acknowledgments We thank Andrew Schwartz for providing us access to the Twitter stream data and for insightful discussions. ...
arXiv:1411.3315v1
fatcat:hrfbd4qe6ra3nk7ydceewzi4qi
The Uses of Machine Learning (ML) in Teaching and Learning English Language: A Methodical Review
2022
Journal of Education
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The current research employed a mixed-methods approach (approach) that included qualitative and quantitative analysis to survey the previous studies on machine learning in EFL/ESL instruction. ...
Consequently, the current study sought to perform a systematic review of the research that revealed numerous applications of machine learning (ML) in English language instruction (Applied Linguistics) ...
According to the facts offered above, Bayesian analysis has been used in L2 study by linguists to make decisions. ...
doi:10.21608/edusohag.2022.212355
fatcat:icfe34jourgkphea6fl63xil3u
Statistically Significant Detection of Linguistic Change
2015
Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web - WWW '15
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We propose a new computational approach for tracking and detecting statistically significant linguistic shifts in the meaning and usage of words. ...
Our meta-analysis approach constructs property time series of word usage, and then uses statistically sound change point detection algorithms to identify significant linguistic shifts. ...
Acknowledgments We thank Andrew Schwartz for providing us access to the Twitter data. ...
doi:10.1145/2736277.2741627
dblp:conf/www/KulkarniAPS15
fatcat:oz5vpfwcfvdgjgit2h3x5l32qa
Probabilistic models of language processing and acquisition
2006
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
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Probabilistic methods are providing new explanatory approaches to fundamental cognitive science questions of how humans structure, process and acquire language. ...
Language comprehension and production involve probabilistic inference in such models; and acquisition involves choosing the best model, given innate constraints and linguistic and other input. ...
Christopher Manning was supported in part by the Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA)'s AQUAINT Program and by an IBM Faculty Partnership Award. ...
doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.006
pmid:16784883
fatcat:uqsmsgbt2jbuhfaw4a52kkgoke
Count Data Analysis in Randomised Clinical Trials
2015
Journal of Biometrics & Biostatistics
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We focus on analysis of simple count data and do not consider methods for analyzing longitudinal count data or Bayesian statistical analysis. ...
In this paper, we review count data analysis with different parametric and non-parametric methods used in randomised clinical trials, and we define procedures for choosing between the two methods and their ...
Acknowledgement We thank Dimitrinka Nikolova for her patient copyediting and linguistic suggestions. JCJ, JW, PW, and CG were partly funded by The Copenhagen Trial Unit. ...
doi:10.4172/2155-6180.1000227
fatcat:olpmlmeft5fzxfnn5m5u2hzu6q
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