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Self-training for Handwritten Text Line Recognition
[chapter]
2010
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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Off-line handwriting recognition deals with the task of automatically recognizing handwritten text from images, for example from scanned sheets of paper. ...
The current paper is the first one, to the knowledge of the authors, where semi-supervised learning for unconstrained handwritten text line recognition is proposed. ...
Acknowledgments We thank Alex Graves for kindly providing us with the BLSTM Neural Network source code. ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16687-7_18
fatcat:qwebrfs5hvh6zisno7e5swwm7m
Construction of language models for an handwritten mail reading system
2012
Document Recognition and Retrieval XIX
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Word Error Rate and Perplexity values are compared to show the interest of specific language models, fit to handwritten mail recognition task. ...
This recognition system does not require any segmentation into words or characters and directly works at line level. ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank A-L Bianne-Bernard from Télécom ParisTech and Gilles Adda from LIMSI for fruitful discussions. ...
doi:10.1117/12.911965
dblp:conf/drr/MorillotLG12
fatcat:ug66hd42zjbanidwyc4fuvgsui
The segmentation of cursive handwriting: an approach based on off-line recovery of the motor-temporal information
1999
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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The algorithm scans the word, following the natural course of the line, and attempts to reproduce the same movement as executed by the writer during the generation of the word. ...
In this way, it is possible to detect the parts of the image where the original odometric information is lost or ambiguous (such as, for example, at an intersection of the handwritten lines) and interpret ...
CONCLUSION In the field of off-line handwriting recognition, the possibility of analyzing the word image by means of a temporal unfolding of the handwritten word into a sequence of primitive strokes representing ...
doi:10.1109/83.736691
pmid:18262867
fatcat:q26tesim2zat7ezabf3zzr4hea
New Segmentation Method for Analytical Recognition of Arabic Handwriting Using a Neural-Markovian Method
2018
International Journal of Engineering and Technologies
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This description is based on statistical and structural characteristics extraction of the significant character of the handwritten Arabic words, which can be used in the MLP classification module to estimate ...
A new hybrid system of off-line analytical recognition of Arabic handwriting combining a neural network type multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and hidden Markov models (HMM) is presented. ...
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for any comments and suggestions that enhance the technical and scientific quality of this paper. ...
doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.14.14
fatcat:sw6klcfc5ncrrghnxfsnu5yqvy
The State of the Art Recognize in Arabic Script through Combination of Online and Offline
[article]
2013
arXiv
pre-print
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In this paper primarily discussed On-line and Off-line handwriting recognition methods for Arabic words which are often used among then across the Middle East and North Africa People. ...
To combine the Arabic script output sequences of the recognizers, we incrementally align the word sequences using a norm string matching algorithm. ...
After that we must expect more noise and deformations in whiteboard handwriting than in normal on-line or off-line handwritten an Arabic script data. ...
arXiv:1303.4839v1
fatcat:poj6fvvn3be77emjmw272bpsti
Semi-continuous HMMs with explicit state duration for unconstrained Arabic word modeling and recognition
2008
Pattern Recognition Letters
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General characteristics of Arabic writing Arabic writing, both handwritten and printed, is semi-cursive (i.e. the word is a sequence of disjointed, but connected components called sub-words and each sub-word ...
Khorsheed (2003) has presented a method for off-line handwritten script recognition, using a single HMM with structural features extracted from the manuscript words. ...
doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2008.05.008
fatcat:wb5kigunqbcylgflwrpw24uq34
Arabic handwritten words off-line recognition based on HMMs and DBNs
2015
2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR)
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Experiments on handwritten Arabic words from IFN/ENIT strongly support the feasibility of the proposed approach. ...
In this work, we investigate the combination of PGM (Propabilistic Graphical Models) classifiers, either independent or coupled, for the recognition of Arabic handwritten words. ...
uncertainly of human writing, we investigate in this work their use for off-line recognition of Arabic handwritten words. ...
doi:10.1109/icdar.2015.7333724
dblp:conf/icdar/KhemiriEBE15
fatcat:6ekbkzwchvcmjcekvleeofrlca
Confidence Measures for Error Correction in Interactive Transcription Handwritten Text
[chapter]
2009
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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detection and handwritten text transcription. ...
An effective approach to transcribe old text documents is to follow an interactive-predictive paradigm in which both, the system is guided by the human supervisor, and the supervisor is assisted by the ...
It has typical characteristics of historical documents that make things difficult: spots, writing from the verso appearing on the recto, unusual characters and words, etc. ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04146-4_61
fatcat:z4dpamndmnfl3nbyq55lekxoxa
A PGM-based System for Arabic HandwrittenWord Recognition
2014
ELCVIA Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis
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This paper describes a system for off-line recognition of handwritten Arabic words. It uses simple and easily extractable features to construct feature vectors for words in the vocabulary. ...
Experiments on handwritten Arabic words from IFN/ENIT database and ancient manuscripts strongly support the feasibility of the proposed system. ...
In sum, we can conclude that most of PGM-based systems, proposed for off-line handwritten digit, character or word recognition, are able to recognize the writing from limited and noisy (artificially or ...
doi:10.5565/rev/elcvia.575
fatcat:sb2dxkvti5gevkvv6yxxpk2y6q
Automatic Arabic Hand Written Text Recognition System
2007
American Journal of Applied Sciences
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The main difficulty encountered when dealing with Arabic text is the cursive nature of Arabic writing in both printed and handwritten forms. ...
After a word has been extracted from the scanned image, it is thinned and its base line is calculated by analysis of horizontal density histogram. ...
This word file will have all the text in the Arabic handwritten input document. The proposed system was efficient and the performance was about 90 s % differs from types of the characters. ...
doi:10.3844/ajassp.2007.857.864
fatcat:pjtztapn2rgf5aakgxggdfiyvq
Online and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey
2000
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Both the on-line case (which pertains to the availability of trajectory data during writing) and the off-line case (which pertains to scanned images) are considered. ...
The image of the word is converted into gray-level pixels using a scanner. (b) On-line word. The xY y coordinates of the pentip are recorded as a function of time with a digitizer. ...
The success of on-line systems makes it attractive to consider developing off-line systems that first estimate the trajectory of the writing from off-line data and then use on-line recognition algorithms ...
doi:10.1109/34.824821
fatcat:d2pq2n2yhra65cq2h7zzllhctm
An HMM-based approach for off-line unconstrained handwritten word modeling and recognition
1999
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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AbstractÐThis paper describes a hidden Markov model-based approach designed to recognize off-line unconstrained handwritten words for large vocabularies. ...
After preprocessing, a word image is segmented into letters or pseudoletters and represented by two feature sequences of equal length, each consisting of an alternating sequence of shape-symbols and segmentationsymbols ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Service de Recherche Technique de la Poste (SRTP) at Nantes, France, 1 Ecole de Technologie Supe Ârieure (ETS) at Montre Âal, Canada, and the Centre of Pattern ...
doi:10.1109/34.784288
fatcat:dfpd4bi2jrazzlxpzsx3tbqthq
InfraNotes: Inconspicuous Handwritten Trajectory Tracking for Lecture Note Recording with Infrared Sensors
[article]
2016
arXiv
pre-print
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In this paper, we design and implement an infrared sensor based system, InfraNotes, to automatically record the notes on the board by sensing and analyzing hand gestures of the lecturer. ...
Instead, it only has an infrared-sensor module on the eraser holder of black/white board to capture handwritten trajectories. ...
Preprocessing of off-line recognition includes setting thresholds to extract writing points, removal of noise, segmentation of writing lines, and finally segmentation of characters and words. ...
arXiv:1610.02442v1
fatcat:f55hao5osbh7lh7wmiijmg3gte
A Survey of Contextual Handwritten Recognition Systems based HMMs for Cursive Arabic and Latin Script
2017
International Journal of Computer Applications
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It examines the literature on the most significant work in contextual handwritten text recognition for two different alphabets, Latin and Arabic. ...
Offline handwriting recognition has become lately a very popular research area and the number of its possible application is very large. ...
In general, handwritten recognition is classified into two types as on-line and off-line recognition methods [01] . ...
doi:10.5120/ijca2017912982
fatcat:snfu4lcbizcxvci274uyidithu
Generalized hidden Markov models. II. Application to handwritten word recognition
2000
IEEE transactions on fuzzy systems
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Methods for training the classical and generalized (fuzzy) models are described. Experiments were performed on a standard data set of handwritten word images obtained from the U. S. ...
of handwritten word recognition. ...
Blackwell of the University of Missouri at Columbia for their valuable discussions and suggestions. ...
doi:10.1109/91.824774
fatcat:xqvbsi6tzvfmvhtg63l3audkpm
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