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The Philosophy of PCM
1948
Proceedings of the IRE
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INTRODUCTION You don't have to deal with ADCs or DACs for long before running across this often quoted formula for the theoretical signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of a converter. ...
Remember that this formula represents the theoretical performance of a perfect N-bit ADC. You can compare the actual ADC SNR with the theoretical SNR and get an idea of how the ADC stacks up. ...
Also for communications applications, the AD9446 16-bit, 100 MSPS ADC is optimized for high SNR (84 dB), dissipates 2.8 W, and is also designed on a BiCMOS process. ...
doi:10.1109/jrproc.1948.231941
fatcat:n5mzm7dp45cojmrmzpanr5zv2y
The FONT5 Bunch-by-Bunch Position and Angle Feedback System at ATF2
2012
Physics Procedia
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feedback system for the International Linear Collider interaction point. ...
The FONT5 upstream beam-based feedback system at ATF2 is designed to correct the position and angle jitter at the entrance to the ATF2 final-focus system, and also to demonstrate a prototype intra-train ...
The ADCs used are Texas Instruments ADS5474 [13], 14-bit, monolithic pipeline ADCs, with a latency of 3.5 clock cycles, and the DACs are 14-bit, 210 MSPS, Analog Devices AD9744 [14] , with a minimum latency ...
doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.758
fatcat:pzzmlrx6xreczkvkz6dldevxai
Clock aligner based on delay locked loop with double edge synchronization
2008
Microelectronics and reliability
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This paper describes a delay locked loop with double edge synchronization for use in a clock alignment process. ...
In CMOS multistage clock buffer design, the duty-cycle of clock is liable to be changed when the clock passes through several buffer stages. ...
A conventional solution is to attach duty-cycle correction circuits to all output drivers with the price of added area, increased jitter, and further phase mismatch due to enlarged path [12] . ...
doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2007.02.025
fatcat:xxq6zmfblrdopdcb72qzgndfim
The DESI Experiment Part II: Instrument Design
[article]
2016
arXiv
pre-print
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The DESI collaboration will also deliver a spectroscopic pipeline and data management system to reduce and archive all data for eventual public use. ...
This powerful instrument will be installed at prime focus on the 4-m Mayall telescope in Kitt Peak, Arizona, along with a new optical corrector, which will provide a three-degree diameter field of view ...
by the DESI corrector and ADC. ...
arXiv:1611.00037v2
fatcat:qupbf5xl2beaxb5fjkl2ptdkz4
CARMENES instrument overview
2014
Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V
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CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) is a next-generation radial-velocity instrument under construction for the ...
This paper gives an overview of the CARMENES instrument and of the survey that will be carried out with it during the first years of operation. ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almería, Spain). ...
doi:10.1117/12.2056453
fatcat:b4jg4utqofco7nsbgkarewjwg4
The Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA): Design, technical overview, and performance
2015
Astronomy and Astrophysics
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The Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) is the 4-metre wide-field survey telescope at ESO's Paranal Observatory, equipped with the world's largest near-infrared imaging camera ( ...
We conclude with a summary of the delivered performance, and a short overview of the six ESO public surveys in progress on VISTA. ...
Mark Casali, Sue Worswick and Martin Fisher made substantial contributions in the Phase A design studies, and the late Richard Bingham provided detailed design for the WFS/AG units. ...
doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424973
fatcat:ko4fiygajrgdfhruciistxosqm
APF—The Lick Observatory Automated Planet Finder
2014
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
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APF features a fixed format spectral range from 374 nm - 970 nm, and delivers a "Throughput" (resolution * slit width product) of 114,000 arc-seconds, with spectral resolutions up to 150,000. ...
Hamilton, the APF facility consists of a 2.4-m telescope and its Levy spectrometer, an optical echelle spectrometer optimized for precision Doppler velocimetry. ...
Slew rates of up to 4°s À1 for telescope and dome keep nightly observing duty cycles high by reducing time lost to slewing. ...
doi:10.1086/676120
fatcat:ef26cnfbt5dzrngukvgudvnnte
Correcting Systematic Polarization Effects in Keck LRISp Spectropolarimetry to < 0.05%
2015
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
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For faint targets and long exposures, cosmic ray hits are frequent and present a major limitation to the upgraded deep depletion red-channel CCD. ...
We explore high SNR techniques such as defocusing and slit-stepping during integration with high spectral and spatial oversampling. ...
Hien Tran for their support in operating the telescope during daylight hours and in develop- ...
doi:10.1086/682323
fatcat:ofjlms27k5hxjlq6v6xqhmhcbq
Space and High Energy Experiments Advanced Electronic Systems 2012
2012
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
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It is also a great occasion for SPIE, IEEE, OSA and PSP students to meet together in a large group spanning the whole country with guests from this part of Europe. ...
Topical tracks of the symposium embraced: nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for photonics, sensory and nonlinear optical fibers, object oriented design of hardware, photonic metrology, optoelectronics ...
Digital converter is a modular device and was implemented for a constant 50% duty cycle output. ...
doi:10.2478/v10177-012-0060-0
fatcat:2nrsjwpharcuva4642wi3zmbim
CBETA Design Report, Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator
[article]
2017
arXiv
pre-print
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All beams are returned for deceleration in a single beam pipe with a large-momentum-aperture permanent magnet FFAG optics. ...
diagnostics tools for high-current and high-brightness beams. ...
Cooling through copper braids as is commonly done in low duty cycle machines would in this machine have produced excessive temperature gradients. ...
arXiv:1706.04245v1
fatcat:njpdim4axfdipeey44ea457k5a
KEPLER MISSIONDESIGN, REALIZED PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE, AND EARLY SCIENCE
2010
Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Early results for classical variables and eclipsing stars show great promise. ...
Results from just forty-three days of data along with ground-based follow-up observations have identified five new transiting planets with measurements of their masses, radii, and orbital periods. ...
optics, and duty cycle. ...
doi:10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/l79
fatcat:2qqr22nhubgutac4vyjdz6ibpi
The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer Book 2018
[article]
2018
arXiv
pre-print
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2018 pre-print arXiv:1810.08695v1 fatcat:haqo24uiv5hefdvpktakegdowm
massive multiplexing (4332 spectra per exposure, with all spectral resolutions available at all times), and an on-target observing efficiency of more than 80%. ...
It is intended as a concise reference guide to all aspects of the scientific and technical design of MSE, for the international astronomy and engineering communities, and related agencies. ...
We will be revisiting this question by designing a modified duty cycle for PFHS, based on realistic observation lengths. ...
arXiv:1810.08695v2
fatcat:rxcqrbxtjjamtkwhdpp6eljplu
THE DARK ENERGY CAMERA
2015
Astronomical Journal
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The camera consists of a five element optical corrector, seven filters, a shutter with a 60 cm aperture, and a CCD focal plane of 250 micron thick fully-depleted CCDs cooled inside a vacuum Dewar. ...
The 570 Mpixel focal plane comprises 62 2kx4k CCDs for imaging and 12 2kx2k CCDs for guiding and focus. The CCDs have 15 microns x15 microns pixels with a plate scale of 0.263 arc sec per pixel. ...
The crown of the 1st corrector element (C1) can be seen at the left side of the barrel. The camera is attached to the cage at the heavy-duty "hexapod ring". ...
doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/5/150
fatcat:m4zbz5ffq5e67ct5x7gu52v3sy
The Zwicky Transient Facility: Observing System
2020
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
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2020 pre-print arXiv:2008.04923v1 fatcat:476rrum4zvd3lpyciwrd3waki4
: a new 47-square-degree, 600 megapixel cryogenic CCD mosaic science camera, along with supporting equipment. ...
The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Observing System (OS) is the data collector for the ZTF project to study astrophysical phenomena in the time domain. ...
For the series of 503 observations in Table 5 , without telescope slew, the ROS latency timing jitter had a RMS of just 1.4 ms. ...
doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab4ca2
fatcat:zn6xqf72evektmomqv5fd462di
Observing the Sun as a star: Design and early results from the NEID solar feed
[article]
2022
arXiv
pre-print
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2021 pre-print arXiv:2112.05711v1 fatcat:mqtrt54hk5fnzgzeg44yqehoyq
One avenue for investigating these effects is the use of small solar telescopes which direct disk-integrated sunlight to these EPRV instruments, observing the Sun at high cadence over months or years. ...
Efforts with extreme-precision radial velocity (EPRV) instruments to detect small-amplitude planets are largely limited, on many timescales, by the effects of stellar variability and instrumental systematics ...
a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. ...
arXiv:2112.05711v2
fatcat:c4qga6sg3fdjhlss7h3h5nj4eq
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