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Diversity of preferences can increase collective welfare in sequential exploration problems
[article]
2017
arXiv
pre-print
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In this paper we show that in such problems, preference diversity can function as a welfare enhancing mechanism. ...
In search engines, online marketplaces and other human-computer interfaces large collectives of individuals sequentially interact with numerous alternatives of varying quality. ...
Could some preference diversity be beneficial in problems where collectives sequentially explore numerous alternatives, and thus despite reducing the immediate value of social learning lead to an increase ...
arXiv:1703.10970v2
fatcat:6zgy5ps7pngkfmaoywdrz2vyiq
Deconstructing the Filter Bubble: User Decision-Making and Recommender Systems
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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We study a model of user decision-making in the context of recommender systems via numerical simulation. ...
We find that recommendation alleviates these natural filter-bubble effects, but that it also leads to an increase in homogeneity across users, resulting in a trade-off between homogenizing across-user ...
There is a similar increasing diversity gap as γ , or the level of risk-aversion, increases as can be seen in the bottom row of Figure 2 . ...
arXiv:1904.10527v3
fatcat:pv7b2n6n2vdvhdrmk3nqw2iy7e
Community and Economics1
[chapter]
2008
Community, Economic Creativity, and Organization
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These are not just limited to the well-explored case of principal-agent dynamics, where there is a problem of aggregation of heterogeneous preferences. ...
Is the collective diversity of something akin to a "Europe of regions" likely to enhance welfare and development? ...
doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199545490.003.0003
fatcat:clzyc4axurb4pjtxeeuoaaqyqa
Matching, cardinal utility, and social welfare
2010
ACM SIGecom Exchanges
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Das and Kamenica [2005] explore the consequences of agents having to learn their preferences sequentially through interactions with each other, in the context of a dating game. ...
Our paper also verifies another insight related to cardinal utilities: as preferences in a matching "society" become more diverse, the social utility of stable matchings increases, even though the price ...
doi:10.1145/1980534.1980538
fatcat:tnajda6mgbbadpjwgtzb3afe2a
Incentivising Exploration and Recommendations for Contextual Bandits with Payments
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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We propose a contextual bandit based model to capture the learning and social welfare goals of a web platform in the presence of myopic users. ...
By using payments to incentivize these agents to explore different items/recommendations, we show how the platform can learn the inherent attributes of items and achieve a sublinear regret while maximizing ...
The role of user heterogeneity is further explored in [1] and [11] as covariate diversity. ...
arXiv:2001.07853v1
fatcat:7ed2qdnxrze2bmna7ezzijo25e
Cooperation and Learning Dynamics under Wealth Inequality and Diversity in Individual Risk
2022
The Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
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We find that both wealth inequality and diversity in risk assessment can hinder cooperation and augment collective losses. ...
We examine how wealth inequality and diversity in the perception of risk of a collective disaster impact cooperation levels in the context of a public goods game with uncertain and non-linear returns. ...
., 2008; Santos & Pacheco, 2011; Santos et al., 2012; Domingos et al., 2021a) , to the best our knowledge, diversity in risk perception has not yet been explored in the context of collective risk dilemmas ...
doi:10.1613/jair.1.13519
fatcat:pn6zs657jjegtmdpopsn4qbrpe
Behavioural Diversity Study in Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Groups and Its Implications for Welfare Assessments
2021
Animals
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Expression of behavioural diversity is considered a potential positive welfare indicator, and to the authors' knowledge, it has not been validated nor studied in cetaceans. ...
The goal of our study was to analyse behavioural diversity in bottlenose dolphins at the group level to investigate how particular factors might impact the diversity of behaviours within the group and ...
A special and deep thanks from the authors to Birgitta Mercera, curator of Parc Asterix dolphinarium (France) for her constant and enthusiastic support and her professional involvement in dolphin welfare ...
doi:10.3390/ani11061715
fatcat:qv2uarhz4nhjpmrubrpx3ebtpe
Consumer flexibility aggregation using partition function games with non-transferable utility
2021
IEEE Access
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in the diversity and total number of coalitions components, which are much more affected by this increase in the number of coalitions. ...
Although partition function games have been widely studied, the modelling of these problems with NTU has not been explored in depth. ...
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069416
fatcat:kpv42kq4vzfh7ka52cyaes5sli
Why do intermediaries divert search?
2011
The Rand Journal of Economics
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for diverting search (i.e. inducing consumers to search more than they would like): i) trading off higher total consumer traffic for higher revenues per consumer visit; ii) influencing stores' choices of ...
We characterize the conditions under which there would be no role for search diversion as a strategic instrument for the intermediary, thereby showing that it occurs even when the contracting space is ...
They can only visit the two stores sequentially (and they perform at most two rounds of search). ...
doi:10.1111/j.1756-2171.2011.00136.x
fatcat:3lzzk45w4fc2hnxuti36lhv3ry
Why Do Intermediaries Divert Search?
2010
Social Science Research Network
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for diverting search (i.e. inducing consumers to search more than they would like): i) trading off higher total consumer traffic for higher revenues per consumer visit; ii) influencing stores' choices of ...
We characterize the conditions under which there would be no role for search diversion as a strategic instrument for the intermediary, thereby showing that it occurs even when the contracting space is ...
They can only visit the two stores sequentially (and they perform at most two rounds of search). ...
doi:10.2139/ssrn.1010682
fatcat:criudviscfgljmynwsbtehogm4
Innovation through Optimal Licensing in Free Markets and Free Software
2005
Social Science Research Network
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For private firms, we model a variety of possible business models from completely closed to fully open, and find that opening a platform can increase profits based on network effects exclusively, innovation ...
In modeling terms, we add to the recent literature on two-sided network effects by incorporating a production function on one side of the market. ...
In addition, we thank Emanuel Farhi for his close reading of the manuscript and suggestions to improve model formulation. We thank Paul Luongo for ideas and research assistance. ...
doi:10.2139/ssrn.639165
fatcat:efrgbe4wiffkppvmfb3lycsexq
Citizens, consumers and farm animal welfare: A meta-analysis of willingness-to-pay studies
2017
Food Policy
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A combination of market and government based policy 29 solutions appears to be the best solution for improving farm animal welfare standards in the future, 30 enabling the diverse public preferences to ...
Production diseases are particularly endemic in 8 intensive production systems, and can negatively impact upon farm animal welfare. ...
Multiple measures of 197 secondary variables were extracted for each paper reflecting the diverse nature of welfare, and 198 because a large number of studies collected WTP information for a number of ...
doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.01.006
fatcat:dgksl4ueczcsdhckzi2niat5w4
Linking solar geoengineering and emissions reductions: strategically resolving an international climate change policy dilemma
2021
Climate Policy
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Linkages in each of the three categories have potential and could occur sequentially. ...
Limitations to this exploration and assessment include the speculative nature, the assumption that states' preferences regarding mitigation and solar geoengineering are properly related, and the use of ...
at talks given at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of California, Santa Cruz; Harvard University; Arizona State University in Washington, DC; the Institute for Advanced Sustainability ...
doi:10.1080/14693062.2021.1993125
fatcat:alesavpibbe6lfliejqfycxy4y
Fiscal restraints and voter welfare
2007
Journal of Public Economics
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This paper explores the logic of ...scal restraints in a political agency model with both moral hazard and adverse selection. ...
We use the model to examine the optimality of ine¢ cient taxation, limits on the size of government, increasing transparency, and yardstick competition. Some conclusions are surprising. ...
Since residual problems remain, a further distortion in the form of ine¢ cient taxation can be welfare enhancing, or it may simply exacerbate existing problems in the political system. ...
doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.09.009
fatcat:5tgkcmulyba73d5pzpwtgie7ni
5th Iberian Primatological Congress
2016
Folia primatologica
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angolensis) of the highland forests of Kenya, and snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus) in China. ...
Understanding the socio-ecological drivers of threats, the behavioural contexts of direct hostility (crop-raiding), those places and times when primates can find opportunities for survival, and when human ...
These growing pressures have led to an increase in the number of animals in sanctuaries and rescue centres, which need to maintain levels of welfare of the primates they house. ...
doi:10.1159/000449293
pmid:27654984
fatcat:fbsssewjnrfl5drpwphttvm26i
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