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An evaluation of the income tax treatment of client loyalty programme transactions by South African suppliers
2015
Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences
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by supplier for purposes of the client loyalty programme. ...
The main objective of the research was to determine whether South African client loyalty programme suppliers treat client loyalty programme transactions correctly for income tax purposes. ...
The basic functioning of client loyalty programmes is as follows: Members of the general public can apply for membership by completing an application form where personal information is provided. ...
doi:10.4102/jef.v8i1.88
fatcat:bg363uowubf5xevcqadd4eus3i
Low back pain (chronic)
2008
Clinical evidence
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We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. ...
, back schools, behavioural therapy, electromyographic biofeedback, exercise, injections (epidural steroid injections, facet joint injections, local injections), intensive multidisciplinary treatment programmes ...
Directness point deducted for variations in exercise programmes Quality point deducted for incomplete reporting of results. ...
pmid:19445791
pmcid:PMC2908004
fatcat:yvc7q32ugzdynppcxd4zajytly
Low back pain (chronic)
2010
Clinical evidence
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We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. ...
schools, behavioural therapy, electromyographic biofeedback, exercise, injections (epidural corticosteroid injections, facet joint injections, local injections), intensive multidisciplinary treatment programmes ...
Directness point deducted for variations in exercise programmes Quality point deducted for incomplete reporting of results. ...
pmid:21418678
pmcid:PMC3217809
fatcat:wdhqrygqpraqbhgpwbbqxehgga
Adding deductive logic to a COTS spreadsheet
2007
Knowledge engineering review (Print)
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In particular, we show how the function-based problem-solving capabilities of spreadsheets can be extended to include logical deductive methods in a way that is consistent with the existing spreadsheet ...
We exploit the spreadsheet metaphor to make deductive problem-solving methods available to the vast population of spreadsheet end users. ...
Introduction End-user programmers (Nardi 1993 ) are people who write programs for their own use but are not employed as programmers and are usually not, in fact, trained programmers at all. ...
doi:10.1017/s0269888907001166
fatcat:cd5pbuetrvey7jjbk3g4tqcc6y
Structure and Dynamics of Darwinian Evolutionary Theory
1981
Systematic Biology
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Theorizing proceeds through deductive and inductive inferences. ...
However, this logical conclusion has little value as a critical prediction for testing the theory of natural selection (Tuomi and Haukioja, 1979a) . ...
Stearns, and Paavo Voipio for critical comments, and Miss Terttu Laurikainen for drawing the figures. The work was supported by the Academy of Finland. ...
doi:10.1093/sysbio/30.1.22
fatcat:jdlyj2psurefvfhhxrbphik4u4
What we can learn from how programmers debug their code
[article]
2021
arXiv
pre-print
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Programmers often use only IDE build-in tools for debugging. Furthermore, programmers frequently use a replication-observation-deduction pattern when debugging. ...
These results suggest that debugging support is particularly valuable for memory and concurrency bugs. ...
Programmers follow a replication-observation-deduction pattern when debugging because this pattern allows them to build a mental model of the program flow. ...
arXiv:2103.12447v1
fatcat:6dc2gxlqn5fsbdlrom4jbxxhre
Copd
2011
Clinical evidence
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The main risk factor for the development and deterioration of COPD is smoking. ...
We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. ...
Directness point deducted for possible drug-drug interactions Low 0 -1 0 -1 4 Prophylactic antibiotics versus placebo Lung function and exercise capacity 1 (109) [77] Consistency point deducted for conflicting ...
pmid:21639960
pmcid:PMC3275305
fatcat:2q26dkotajcbjl4mdfl6ltdppq
Distributive Impact of Czech Social Security and Tax Systems: Dynamics in Early 2000s
2005
Prague Economic Papers
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We use regular household surveys, organized and published by the Czech Statistical Office (CSO), for years 1999 - 2002. ...
We also find that spending on more focused programmes (social supplement and parental allowance) increased least. ...
However, the government's welfare function remains unspecified so we can only guess which programmes best reflect government's priorities. ...
doi:10.18267/j.pep.263
fatcat:entvpyqfazhb5azqnu5jz5nnj4
Investigating differences between female and male athletic donors: a comparative study
2006
International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing
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Simple random techniques were used to gather data for the study. * The total sample size was 387 from which 115 were female and 272 were male donors of the athletic programmes of a large eastern state ...
The purpose of the study was to identify differences between male and female donors of athletic programmes in order to improve fundraising effectiveness. ...
The econometric models state that giving is a function of several variables such as income, frequency of messages for the public good and tax deductions (Okunade, 1994; Baade and Sunberg, 1996; Clotfelter ...
doi:10.1002/nvsm.34
fatcat:qotvvqr47ndllnvi2xrbb2hykq
A Functional Perspective on Machine Learning via Programmable Induction and Abduction
[chapter]
2018
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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We present a programming language for machine learning based on the concepts of 'induction' and 'abduction' as encountered in Peirce's logic of science. ...
We think there is a case for the parameters to be abducted together, so that both functions have two parameters, not only in an attempt to conform to a beta law which is often expected by functional programmers ...
Computation carried out in such deductive functional programming languages produces definitive results. ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90686-7_6
fatcat:in7f6outbbfttgvzajqhd6ke6q
Page 1028 of Mathematical Reviews Vol. , Issue 93b
[page]
1993
Mathematical Reviews
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In a standard deductive database system as defined here, the con- trol component is totally fixed and the programmer has no control over the efficiency of the database algorithm. ...
(The author does not consider deductive databases with control components like that of Prolog, in which SLD-resolution is applied to clauses in the workspace. )
The need for meta-level deductive control ...
XcelLog: a deductive spreadsheet system
2007
Knowledge engineering review (Print)
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This paper describes the design and implementation of XcelLog, a user-centered deductive spreadsheet system, to empower non-programmers to specify and manipulate rule-based systems. ...
Preliminary experience with using XcelLog indicates that it is indeed feasible to put the power of deductive spreadsheets for doing rule-based computing into the hands of end users and do so without the ...
Our work on generating explanations for deduction [4, 21] and Excel's color-coded outlines denoting cell dependencies offers a suitable starting point for this problem. ...
doi:10.1017/s026988890700118x
fatcat:77ui4chtmrha7pejxdoly3hsyu
Page 37 of Arena Vol. 19, Issue 1
[page]
1898
Arena
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Does the historical school, then, accept responsibility for any or all of this “selected” programme? ...
We compel individual disputants to settle their quar- rels in courts of justice established for the purpose; would it be enlarging the judicial function beyond the possibilities of our present stage of ...
Cameleer: A Deductive Verification Tool for OCaml
[chapter]
2021
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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AbstractWe present , an automated deductive verification tool for OCaml. ...
The number of lines of ghost code in Fig. 4 stands for ghost fields in record types, ghost functions, and lemma functions. ...
Why3 is a toolset for the deductive verification of software, clearly oriented towards automated proof. ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_31
fatcat:hcnbecwpiffppjbhj5dyu6y2q4
Deductive Object Programming
[article]
2006
arXiv
pre-print
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We propose some slight additions to O-O languages to implement the necessary features for using Deductive Object Programming (DOP). ...
This function is true whenever some node of the production tree of attribute has been modified. an iteration counter
Conclusion We have shown that combining deductive programming with making explicit ...
Programming with Persistent Objects or Deductive Object Programming are a same thing : the programmer never cares of providing values to a functionattribute-persistent-object, he declares it as a builder ...
arXiv:cs/0601035v1
fatcat:5o6abyeqh5dxdhhox4az37r7au
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