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Dietary-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation in the Liver
2020
Biomedicines
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The literature describes a close correlation between metabolic disorders and abnormal immune responses, like low-grade inflammation (LGI), which may be one mechanistic link between obesity and various comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In our study, we investigated the influence of dietary composition on obesity-derived LGI in the liver. We used a dietary induced obesity mouse model of C57BL/6J mice fed with high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat, 20% protein, 20%
doi:10.3390/biomedicines8120587
pmid:33317065
fatcat:ywzbbqtb2ngbjaoalgjjcnf24y
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... ates) and two different controls. One was rich in carbohydrates (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates), further referred to as the control diet (CD), and the other one is referred to as the standard diet (SD), with a more balanced macronutrient content (9% fat, 33% protein, 58% carbohydrates). Our results showed a significant increased NAFLD activity score in HFD compared to both controls, but livers of the CD group also differed in their macroscopic appearance from healthy livers. Hepatic fat content showed significantly elevated cholesterol concentrations in the CD group. Histologic analysis of the cellular immune response in the liver showed no difference between HFD and CD and expression analysis of immunologic mediators like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha also point towards a pro-inflammatory response to CD, comparable to LGI in HFD. Therefore, when studying diet-induced obesity with a focus on inflammatory processes, we encourage researchers to carefully select controls and not use a control diet disproportionally rich in carbohydrates.
Sterilization Regret in Sri Lanka: A Retrospective Study
1989
International family planning perspectives
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By Dennis Hapugalle, Barbara Janowitz, Sharon Weir, Deborah L. ...
Sharon Weir was senior research analyst, Barbara Janowitz was associate direc- tor and Deborah L. ...
doi:10.2307/2133275
fatcat:wg6blzj3gnasfnevazyrlacy6y
White matter lesions
2018
Neurology
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Objectives To investigate spatial heterogeneity of white matter lesions or hyperintensities (WMH). Methods MRI scans of 1,836 participants (median age 52.2 ± 13.16 years) encompassing a wide age range (22-84 years) from the cross-sectional Study of Health in Pomerania (Germany) were included as discovery set identifying spatially distinct components of WMH using a structural covariance approach. Scans of 307 participants (median age 73.8 ± 10.2 years, with 747 observations) from the Baltimore
doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006116
pmid:30076276
pmcid:PMC6139818
fatcat:26j4otbdo5catgglup6oj3cj4a
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... ngitudinal Study of Aging (United States) were included to examine differences in longitudinal progression of these components. The associations of these components with vascular risk factors, cortical atrophy, Alzheimer disease (AD) genetics, and cognition were then investigated using linear regression. Results WMH were found to occur nonuniformly, with higher frequency within spatially heterogeneous patterns encoded by 4 components, which were consistent with common categorizations of deep and periventricular WMH, while further dividing the latter into posterior, frontal, and dorsal components. Temporal trends of the components differed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Frontal periventricular WMH were most distinctive as they appeared in the fifth decade of life, whereas the other components appeared later in life during the sixth decade. Furthermore, frontal WMH were associated with systolic blood pressure and with pronounced atrophy including AD-related regions. AD polygenic risk score was associated with the dorsal periventricular component in the elderly. Cognitive decline was associated with the dorsal component. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that the appearance of WMH follows age and diseasedependent regional distribution patterns, potentially influenced by differential underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, and possibly with a differential link to vascular and neurodegenerative changes. ‡These authors contributed equally to this work. Glossary AD = Alzheimer disease; BLSA = Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging; deep = deep white matter; dors. = dorsal periventricular; fron. = frontal periventricular; post. = posterior periventricular; SHIP = Study of Health in Pomerania; WMH = white matter hyperintensities; WMHC = white matter hyperintensities component. Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. , education, and SHIP subcohorts. d Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, and SHIP subcohorts.
Kommentar II zum Fall: "'Die kommen alle her und gaffen.' Hohes Körpergewicht als medizinische, ethische und gesellschaftliche Herausforderung"
2020
Ethik in der Medizin
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Hohes Körpergewicht als medizinische, ethische und gesellschaftliche Herausforderung" Deborah Janowitz © Der/die Autor(en) 2020 "Die kommen alle her und gaffen." ...
Janowitz ( ) ...
Janowitz gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. ).
Dadurch suchen sie noch seltener und zu spät den Kontakt zum Gesundheitssystem
(Sikorski et al. 2011). ...
doi:10.1007/s00481-020-00578-y
fatcat:aogtvt56bffdbhkxdtqzqkpjp4
The Impact of Childhood Trauma and Depressive Symptoms on Body Mass Index
2019
Global Psychiatry
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This is a serious public and individual health problem since obesity is associated with several somatic diseases and increased psychological burden (Janowitz et al. 2014; McCarthy-Jones and McCarthy-Jones ...
doi:10.2478/gp-2019-0008
fatcat:6v2oexwc7rejbljxrryhuisi4e
The Effect of Counseling on Sterilization Acceptance by High-Parity Women in Nigeria
1989
International family planning perspectives
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Weir, Barbara Janowitz, Deborah L. Covington,
Peter R. Lamptey and Nadine N. ...
director; Deborah L. ...
doi:10.2307/2133484
fatcat:53dsd3as4jetzoxohgujegc7fu
Vitamin D moderates the interaction between 5-HTTLPR and childhood abuse in depressive disorders
2020
Scientific Reports
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AbstractA complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors determines the individual risk of depressive disorders. Vitamin D has been shown to stimulate the expression of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin production in the brain. Therefore, we investigate the hypothesis that serum vitamin D levels moderate the interaction between the serotonin transporter promotor gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and childhood abuse in depressive
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79388-7
pmid:33372187
fatcat:6d22nisyjna67miynmqkxbsncy
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... orders. Two independent samples from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-LEGEND: n = 1 997; SHIP-TREND-0: n = 2 939) were used. Depressive disorders were assessed using questionnaires (BDI-II, PHQ-9) and interview procedures (DSM-IV). Besides serum vitamin D levels (25(OH)D), a functional polymorphism (rs4588) of the vitamin D-binding protein is used as a proxy for 25(OH)D. S-allele carriers with childhood abuse and low 25(OH)D levels have a higher mean BDI-II score (13.25) than those with a higher 25(OH)D level (9.56), which was not observed in abused LL-carriers. This significant three-way interaction was replicated in individuals with lifetime major depressive disorders when using the rs4588 instead of 25(OH)D (p = 0.0076 in the combined sample). We conclude that vitamin D relevantly moderates the interaction between childhood abuse and the serotonergic system, thereby impacting vulnerability to depressive disorders.
Association between serum neuron-specific enolase, age, overweight, and structural MRI patterns in 901 subjects
2017
Translational Psychiatry
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Serum neuron-specific enolase (sNSE) is considered a marker for neuronal damage, related to gray matter structures. Previous studies indicated its potential as marker for structural and functional damage in conditions with adverse effects to the brain like obesity and dementia. In the present study, we investigated the putative association between sNSE levels, body mass index (BMI), total gray matter volume (GMV), and magnetic resonance imaging-based indices of aging as well as Alzheimer's
doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0035-0
pmid:29217819
pmcid:PMC5802579
fatcat:fxc2e5u6nzgophtflef5kbaoaa
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... se (AD)-like patterns. Subjects/Methods: sNSE was determined in 901 subjects (499 women, 22-81 years, BMI 18-48 kg/m 2 ), participating in a population-based study (SHIP-TREND). We report agespecific patterns of sNSE levels between males and females. Females showed augmenting, males decreasing sNSE levels associated with age (males: p = 0.1052, females: p = 0.0363). sNSE levels and BMI were non-linearly associated, showing a parabolic association and decreasing sNSE levels at BMI values >25 (p = 0.0056). In contrast to our hypotheses, sNSE levels were not associated with total GMV, aging, or AD-like patterns. Pathomechanisms discussed are: sex-specific hormonal differences, neuronal damage/differentiation, or impaired cerebral glucose metabolism. We assume a sex-dependence of age-related effects to the brain. Further, we propose in accordance to previous studies an actual neuronal damage in the early stages of obesity. However, with progression of overweight, we assume more profound effects of excess body fat to the brain.
Stigma as a barrier to recognizing personal mental illness and seeking help: a prospective study among untreated persons with mental illness
2018
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Potential Biomarker for Improved Locomotion and Olfaction Detection Ability after Weight Reduction in Obese Mice
2021
Nutrients
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Obesity is one of the most challenging diseases of the 21st century and is accompanied by behavioural disorders. Exercise, dietary adjustments, or time-restricted feeding are the only successful long-term treatments to date. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a key role in dietary regulation, but FGF21 resistance is prevalent in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate in obese mice whether weight reduction leads to improved behaviour and whether these behavioural changes are
doi:10.3390/nu13092916
pmid:34578793
pmcid:PMC8470262
fatcat:sghqn5hpzbgyjav7thvocf4i4a
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... ociated with decreased plasma FGF21 levels. After establishing a model for diet-induced obesity, mice were subjected to three different interventions for weight reduction, namely dietary change, treadmill exercise, or time-restricted feeding. In this study, we demonstrated that only the combination of dietary change and treadmill exercise affected all parameters leading to a reduction in weight, fat, and FGF21, as well as less anxious behaviour, higher overall activity, and improved olfactory detection abilities. To investigate the interrelationship between FGF21 and behavioural parameters, feature selection algorithms were applied designating FGF21 and body weight as one of five highly weighted features. In conclusion, we concluded from the complementary methods that FGF21 can be considered as a potential biomarker for improved behaviour in obese mice after weight reduction.
Sex-Specific Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population
2019
Biomolecules
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The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was initially considered to be neuron-specific. Meanwhile, this neurotrophin is peripherally also secreted by skeletal muscle cells and increases due to exercise. Whether BDNF is related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is currently unclear. We analyzed the association of serum BDNF levels with CRF in the general population (Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) from Northeast Germany; n = 1607, 51% female; median age 48 years). Sex-stratified
doi:10.3390/biom9100630
pmid:31635145
pmcid:PMC6843272
fatcat:mplxherj4fgwlgmxowrvpex4me
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... inear regression models adjusted for age, height, smoking, body fat, lean mass, physical activity, and depression analyzed the association between BDNF and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak), maximal oxygen consumption normalized for body weight (VO2peak/kg), and oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT). In women, 1 mL/min higher VO2peak, VO2peak/kg, and VO2@AT were associated with a 2.43 pg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 to 3.69 pg/mL; p = 0.0002), 150.66 pg/mL (95% CI: 63.42 to 237.90 pg/mL; p = 0.0007), and 2.68 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.5 to 4.8 pg/mL; p = 0.01) higher BDNF serum concentration, respectively. No significant associations were found in men. Further research is needed to understand the sex-specific association between CRF and BDNF.
Regional tract-specific white matter hyperintensities are associated with patterns of aging-related brain atrophy via vascular risk factors, but also independently
2018
Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring
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We sought to investigate associations of regional white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) within white matter (WM) tracts with cardiovascular risk and brain aging-related atrophy throughout adulthood in the general population, leveraging state of the art pattern analysis methods. We analyzed a large sample (n = 2367) from the Study of Health in Pomerania, Germany (range 20-90 years). WMHs were automatically segmented on T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images,
doi:10.1016/j.dadm.2018.02.002
pmid:29644327
pmcid:PMC5889709
fatcat:a7ks2adn45d3lou3ywprlccs7i
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... and WMH volumes were calculated in WM regions defined using the John Hopkins University WM tractography atlas. Regions with the highest average WMH volume were selected. We calculated a subject-specific index, Spatial Pattern of Alteration for Recognition of Brain Aging, to measure age-related atrophy patterns. The Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score summarized the individual cardiovascular risk profile. We used structural equation models, independently for each region, using Spatial Pattern of Alteration for Recognition of Brain Aging as a dependent variable, age as an independent variable, and cardiovascular disease risk score and regional WMH volumes as mediators. Selected 12 WM regions included 75% of the total WMH burden in average. Structural equation models showed that the age effect on Spatial Pattern of Alteration for Recognition of Brain Aging was mediated by WMHs to a different extent in the superior frontal WM, anterior corona radiata, inferior frontal WM, superior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, middle temporal WM, posterior corona radiata, superior parietal WM, splenium of corpus callosum, posterior thalamic radiation, and middle occipital WM (variance explained between 2.8% and 10.3%, P < .0001 Bonferroni corrected), but not in precentral WM. Our results indicate that WMHs, in most WM tracts, might accelerate the brain aging process throughout adulthood in the general population as a result of vascular risk factors, but also independent of them. Preventive strategies against WMHs (such as controlling vascular risk factors or microglia depletion) could delay brain aging.
Simvastatin add-on to escitalopram in patients with comorbid obesity and major depression (SIMCODE): study protocol of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
2020
BMJ Open
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IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity are both common disorders associated with significant burden of disease worldwide. Importantly, MDD and obesity often co-occur, with each disorder increasing the risk for developing the other by about 50%–60%. Statins are among the most prescribed medications with well-established safety and efficacy. Statins are recommended in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, which has been linked to both MDD and obesity. Moreover, statins
doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040119
pmid:33262189
fatcat:5tmkbepshrd6fedmx4danfi73y
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... promising candidates to treat MDD because a meta-analysis of pilot randomised controlled trials has found antidepressive effects of statins as adjunct therapy to antidepressants. However, no study so far has tested the antidepressive potential of statins in patients with MDD and comorbid obesity. Importantly, this is a difficult-to-treat population that often exhibits a chronic course of MDD and is more likely to be treatment resistant. Thus, in this confirmatory randomised controlled trial, we will determine whether add-on simvastatin to standard antidepressant medication with escitalopram is more efficacious than add-on placebo over 12 weeks in 160 patients with MDD and comorbid obesity.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre trial with parallel-group design (phase II). One hundred and sixty patients with MDD and comorbid obesity will be randomised 1:1 to simvastatin or placebo as add-on to standard antidepressant medication with escitalopram. The primary outcome is change in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcomes include MADRS response (defined as 50% MADRS score reduction from baseline), MADRS remission (defined as MADRS score <10), mean change in patients' self-reported Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and mean change in high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol from baseline to week 12.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the federal state of Berlin (Ethik-Kommission des Landes Berlin, reference: 19/0226—EK 11) and by the relevant federal authority (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM), reference: 4043387). Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numbersNCT04301271, DRKS00021119, EudraCT 2018-002947-27.
Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation
2011
Nature
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Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression
2017
Journal of Psychiatric Research
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