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Covert Messaging through TCP Timestamps
[chapter]
2003
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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We implement our protocol on a standard platform (Linux) exploiting a channel in a common communications system (TCP timestamps). ...
Covert channels exist in most communications systems and allow individuals to communicate truly undetectably. However, covert channels are seldom used due to their complexity. ...
It would be interesting to design a broadcast channel such that messages could be published covertly. ...
doi:10.1007/3-540-36467-6_15
fatcat:bkdotd4g6fa7zg76sgsu6ixgba
Covert channels in TCP/IP protocol stack - extended version-
2014
Open Computer Science
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For most of the covert channels its data bandwidth is given. ...
AbstractWe give a survey of different techniques for hiding data in several protocols from the TCP/IP protocol stack. Techniques are organized according to affected layer and protocol. ...
If they match the segment is sent immediately with generated TCP timestamp, otherwise it is delayed for one timestamp tick and TCP timestamp is incremented. ...
doi:10.2478/s13537-014-0205-6
fatcat:tkkyehibpbf3tl5x5bctsqkk6y
A survey of covert channels and countermeasures in computer network protocols
2007
IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials
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Covert channels are used for the secret transfer of information. ...
Initially, covert channels were identified as a security threat on monolithic systems i.e. mainframes. More recently focus has shifted towards covert channels in computer network protocols. ...
MODULATING TIMESTAMP FIELDS Giffin et al. developed a method for covert messaging through TCP timestamp header options, which are widely used to improve TCP performance [50] . ...
doi:10.1109/comst.2007.4317620
fatcat:vw2ow6ehrbcf3f3ry65xntriha
RTP Timestamp Steganography Detection Method
2018
IETE Technical Review
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A histogram cosine similarity matching method for real-time transport protocol (RTP) timestamp difference vectors and a clustering method of the area between the best-fit curves of 2 RTP timestamp difference ...
S.Y and W.G.P: RTP timestamp steganography detection method 4 to identify [3] . ...
In addition, using IP identification (IPID), changes in information such as the IP lifetime and the TCP initial sequence number have followable patterns; this type of covert channel can be detected through ...
doi:10.1080/02564602.2018.1536528
fatcat:kilnf7vssne6vezcy6f2m2iyce
A COVERT CHANNEL IN RTP PROTOCOL
2010
Computational Intelligence
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A new covert channel over the RTP protocol is designed and implemented by modifying the timestamp value in the RTP header. ...
The channel is very difficult to detect due to expected variations in the timestamp field and the flexible nature of RTP. ...
A timestamp was first employed to carry covert data in TCP protocol. 7 This channel carried 1 bit in the least significant bit of the TCP timestamp by delaying the packet creation. ...
doi:10.1142/9789814324700_0123
fatcat:6xsonljuorfqtlj6by6bjeeutq
Covert channels and countermeasures in computer network protocols [Reprinted from IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials]
2007
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Covert channels are used for the secret transfer of information. ...
covert channels for communication and coordination. ...
Covert information can be inserted into the low order bits of timestamp fields. For example, covert data can be encoded into TCP timestamp header options [4] . ...
doi:10.1109/mcom.2007.4395378
fatcat:ln5uuk2ienezblonn3n7ofn3j4
Embedding Covert Channels into TCP/IP
[chapter]
2005
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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or the least significant bit of the TCP timestamp. ...
A message can thus be hidden in such a way that an attacker cannot demonstrate its existence without knowledge of a secret key. ...
Covert TCP creates all fields itself. ...
doi:10.1007/11558859_19
fatcat:qh6m6hgquvh2pb6tb5xqto3jva
A Protocol for Building Secure and Reliable Covert Channel
2008
2008 Sixth Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust
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Though data transfer through covert channels is not unprecedented, existing covert channels have been restricted to covert transmission of only small amounts of data. ...
This paper presents a secure and lightweight protocol for reliable data transfer through moderate bandwidth covert channels. ...
Thus one can send up to 16 bits exploiting IP identification field, while up to 32 bits of covert data can be sent through TCP sequence number. ...
doi:10.1109/pst.2008.26
dblp:conf/pst/RayM08
fatcat:nyiptlmywfgzhjbku4dwbykro4
A Network Covert Channel Based on Packet Classification
2012
International Journal of Network Security
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A network covert channel violates security rules and leaks information imperceptibly. ...
With this method, covert information is encoded by modulating the varieties of packets on the Internet. ...
Echo message, echo reply message, timestamp message and timestamp reply message have nonzero value, so we take these four types as available features, that is (8,0), (0,0), (13,0), (14,0). ...
dblp:journals/ijnsec/DongQLL12
fatcat:c5i6fulflfevhnhbev7tssef3a
Steganography of VoIP Streams
[article]
2008
arXiv
pre-print
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2008 pre-print arXiv:0805.2938v1 fatcat:pe2obrlxofbvfdms4elxzeb2he
The first one is network steganography solution which exploits free/unused protocols' fields and is known for IP, UDP or TCP protocols but has never been applied to RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) and ...
The paper concerns available steganographic techniques that can be used for creating covert channels for VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) streams. ...
SIP messages usually traverse through SIP network servers: proxies or redirects that help end-users to locate and reach each other. ...
arXiv:0805.2938v2
fatcat:24kzg3f5jzgotlxdycb2g5bciy
Covert Channels in SIP for VoIP Signalling
[chapter]
2008
Communications in Computer and Information Science
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We also estimate amount of data that can be transferred in signalling messages for typical IP telephony call. ...
In this paper, we evaluate available steganographic techniques for SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) that can be used for creating covert channels during signaling phase of VoIP (Voice over IP) call. ...
SIP messages usually traverse through SIP network servers: proxies or redirects that help end-users to locate and reach each other. ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69403-8_9
fatcat:c2ip6jgoxzgzzkfjsocmfmy3hu
Steganography of VoIP Streams
[chapter]
2008
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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SIP messages usually traverse through SIP network servers: proxies or redirects that allow end-users to locate and reach each other. ...
RTP is usually used in conjunction with UDP (or rarely TCP) for transport of digital voice stream, c. Speech codecs e.g. ...
, or control message). ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88873-4_6
fatcat:um5ab4lqazbcjjyqwjsyxtv4j4
Sending Hidden Data via Google Suggest
[article]
2011
arXiv
pre-print
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The traffic analysis was also performed to discover the occurrence of two TCP options: Window Scale and Timestamp which StegSuggest uses to operate. ...
Then the message that shuts the covert channel is issued (Fig. 17) . When SR discovers such message he/she ceases to insert parts of the steganogram into original suggestions. ...
However, proposed steganographic method, StegSuggest, modifies mainly two network protocols: con-tent of HTTP messages containing suggestions and TCP header options: Windows Scale (WS) and Timestamp (TS ...
arXiv:1107.4062v1
fatcat:4kjez74mfvb4znmpcsrc3hh534
Reporting Insider Threats via Covert Channels
2013
2013 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops
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In this work, we propose a covert channel in the Ethernet frame that allows a computer system to report activity inside other, unrelated network communication. ...
We introduce the covert channel, incorporate it into a working prototype, and combine it with an intrusion detection system to show its promise for security event reporting. ...
Message 3 is an altered version of Message 1 that includes a covert payload after the IP packet data. Message 4 is the transmission of the prior message from the kernel through the network interface. ...
doi:10.1109/spw.2013.30
dblp:conf/sp/MucheneLS13
fatcat:lu45lnqcd5gcjn6fuchuapndma
HIDE_DHCP: Covert Communications through Network Configuration Messages
[chapter]
2012
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
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Usually, these tools take advantage of protocols widely used in most existing networks, such as TCP/IP [19] , HTTP [6] or DNS [13] . ...
Covert channels are a form of hidden communication that may violate the integrity of systems. ...
This work has been partially funded by the European Commission through the FP7 project NESSoS (FP7 256890) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research projects: ARES (CSD2007 ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30436-1_14
fatcat:qu7mtfnqeraalboqhke37feigm
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