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Unveiling of the mechanisms of acoustic streaming induced by sharp edges
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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Acoustic waves can generate steady streaming within a fluid owing to the generation of viscous boundary layers near walls, of typical thickness δ. In microchannels, the acoustic wavelength λ is adjusted to twice the channel width w to ensure a resonance condition, which implies the use of MHz transducers. Recently though, intense acoustic streaming was generated by acoustic waves of a few kHz (hence with λ≫ w), owing to the presence of sharp-tipped structures of curvature radius at the tip r_c
arXiv:2003.01208v1
fatcat:vvoakudfujdmvhxigwnscmz3eu
more »
... maller than δ. The present study quantitatively investigates this sharp-edge acoustic streaming via the direct resolution of the full Navier-Stokes equation, using Finite Element Method. The influence of δ, r_c and viscosity ν on the acoustic streaming performance are quantified. Our results suggest choices of operating conditions and geometrical parameters, via dimensionless quantities r_c/δ and δ/w and provide guidelines on how to obtain strong, optimal sharp-edge acoustic streaming.
Transcriptome analysis of maize resistance to Fusarium graminearum
2016
BMC Genomics
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Gibberella stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases of maize (Zea mays L.). Chemical means of controlling Gibberella stalk rot are not very effective; development of highly resistant hybrids is the best choice for disease control. Hence, understanding of the molecular basis underlying maize resistance against Gibberella stalk rot would undoubtedly facilitate the resistance breeding for stalk rot. Results: Two quantitative trait loci (QTL),
doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2780-5
pmid:27352627
pmcid:PMC4924250
fatcat:vin4til4yfctfoamk4272pxjuq
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... and qRfg2, conferring resistance to Gibberella stalk rot were detected in our previous study. Three near-isogenic lines (NILs) of maize with either qRfg1 (NIL1) or qRfg2 (NIL2), or neither (NIL3) were generated and subjected to RNA sequencing to study the transcriptional changes after F. graminearum inoculation at 0 (control), 6, and 18 h post-inoculation (hpi). In total, 536,184,652 clean reads were generated, and gene expression levels were calculated using FPKM (fragments per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads). A total of 7252 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the three NILs after F. graminearum inoculation. As many as 2499 DEGs were detected between NIL1 and NIL3 at 0 hpi, of which 884 DEGs were more abundant in NIL1 and enriched in defense responses. After F. graminearum inoculation, 1070 and 751 genes were exclusively up-and downregulated, respectively, in NIL1 as compared to NIL3. The 1070 upregulated DEGs were enriched in growth/development, photosynthesis/biogenesis, and defense-related responses. Genes encoding putative auxin-induced proteins and GH3 family proteins in auxin signaling pathway were highly induced and lasted longer in NIL3. Genes involved in polar auxin transport (PAT) were more abundant in NIL3 as compared with NIL2. Conclusions: The qRfg1 confers its resistance to Gibberella stalk rot through both constitutive and induced high expression of defense-related genes; while qRfg2 enhances maize resistance to the disease via relatively lower induction of auxin signaling and repression of PAT. The defense-related transcriptional changes underlying each QTL will undoubtedly facilitate our understanding of the resistance mechanism and resistance breeding for maize stalk rot.
Impact of acetolactate synthase inactivation on 1,3-propanediol fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae
[article]
2018
bioRxiv
pre-print
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Abstract: 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important compound that is mainly used in industry for polymer production. Fermentation of 1,3-PDO from glycerol by marine Klebsiella pneumoniae is accompanied by formation of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) as one of the main byproduct. The first step in the formation of 2,3-BDO from pyruvate is catalyzed by acetolactate synthase (ALS), an enzyme that competes with 1,3-PDO oxidoreductase for the cofactor NADH. This study aimed to analyze the impact of
doi:10.1101/365387
fatcat:owg6iswiijhnhhbmli743boh74
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... ing the 2,3-BDO formation pathway via inactivation of ALS on 1,3-PDO fermentation by marine K. pneumoniae HSL4. An ALS mutant was generated using Red recombinase assisted gene replacement. The ALS specific activities of K. pneumoniae ΔALS were notably lower than that of the wild-type strain. Fed-batch fermentation of the mutant strain resulted in a 1,3-PDO concentration, productivity and conversion of 72.04 g L-1, 2.25 g L-1 h-1, and 0.41 g g-1, a slightly increase compared with the parent strain. Moreover, inactivation of ALS decreased meso-2,3-BDO formation to trace amounts, significantly increased 2S,3S-BDO and lactate production, and a pronounced redistribution of intracellular metabolic flux was apparent.
Mechano-regulation of proline metabolism and cancer progression by kindlin-2
2019
Molecular & Cellular Oncology
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Alterations of cell mechano-environment and metabolism are common features of malignant neoplasm. We recently showed that increased stiffness of extracellular matrix is intrinsically linked to up-regulation of proline synthesis through a mechano-responsive fermitin family homolog 2 (FERMT2, best known as kindlin-2) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1(PYCR1) complex, which in turn promotes collagen matrix synthesis, cell proliferation, survival, and cancer progression.
doi:10.1080/23723556.2019.1596003
pmid:31131313
pmcid:PMC6512932
fatcat:soyje5e3nrffxffgprrgrd75re
Acoustic streaming generated by sharp edges: the coupled influences of liquid viscosity and acoustic frequency
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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Acoustic streaming can be generated around sharp structures, even when the acoustic wavelength is much larger than the vessel size. This sharp-edge streaming can be relatively intense, blueowing to the strongly focused inertial effect experienced by the acoustic flow near the tip. We conducted experiments with Particle Image Velocimetry to quantify this streaming flow through the influence of liquid viscosity ν, from 1 mm^2/s to 30 mm^2/s, and acoustic frequency f from 500 Hz to 3500 Hz. Both
arXiv:2006.11163v1
fatcat:usbjazsuejai5enwjrgrewoayi
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... antities supposedly influence the thickness of the viscous boundary layer δ = (ν/π f)^1/2. For all situations, the streaming flow appears as a main central jet from the tip, generating two lateral vortices beside the tip and outside the boundary layer. As a characteristic streaming velocity, the maximal velocity is located at a distance of δ from the tip, and it increases as the square of the acoustic velocity. We then provide empirical scaling laws to quantify the influence of ν and f on the streaming velocity. Globally, the streaming velocity is dramatically weakened by a higher viscosity, whereas the flow pattern and the disturbance distance remain similar regardless of viscosity. Besides viscosity, the frequency also strongly influences the maximal streaming velocity.
Unveiling of the mechanisms of acoustic streaming induced by sharp edges
2020
Physical review. E
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Acoustic waves can generate steady streaming within a fluid owing to the generation of viscous boundary layers near walls of typical thickness δ. In microchannels, the acoustic wavelength λ is adjusted to twice the channel width w to ensure a resonance condition, which implies the use of MHz transducers. Recently, though, intense acoustic streaming was generated by acoustic waves of a few kHz (hence with λ w), owing to the presence of sharp-tipped structures of curvature radius at the tip r c
doi:10.1103/physreve.102.043110
fatcat:eeqqnipx4zetpoysoigesyw4lm
more »
... aller than δ. The present study quantitatively investigates this sharp-edge acoustic streaming via the direct resolution of the full Navier-Stokes equation using the finite element method. The influence of δ, r c , and viscosity ν on the acoustic streaming performance is quantified. Our results suggest choices of operating conditions and geometrical parameters, in particular the dimensionless tip radius of curvature r c /δ and the liquid viscosity.
Mitochondrial dynamics links PINCH-1 signaling to proline metabolic reprogramming and tumor growth
2020
Cell Stress
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In a recent study (Guo et al., Nat Commun 11(1):4913, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18753-6), we have identified PINCH-1, a component of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions, as an important regulator of ...
Guo is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant 2019YFA09006001), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (grant 2017B030301018), the Shenzhen Innovation Committee of Science ...
Please cite this article as: Ling Guo and Chuanyue Wu (2020). Mitochondrial dynamics links PINCH-1 signaling to proline metabolic reprogramming and tumor growth. ...
doi:10.15698/cst2021.02.241
pmid:33554046
pmcid:PMC7841848
fatcat:u3fbyo7i4vc3fdbhn6afqnkf3a
Erratum to: Transcriptome analysis of maize resistance to Fusarium graminearum
2016
BMC Genomics
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analysis of maize resistance to Fusarium graminearum.
doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3107-2
pmid:27782800
pmcid:PMC5080770
fatcat:cz6ghivhbzebbirbkhdtfx6kbm
Sphaerisporangium aureirubrum sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil
2015
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
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A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-GQTH1-3 T , was isolated from muddy soil collected from a stream in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang Province, north-east China and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the organism should be assigned to the genus Sphaerisporangium and forms a stable clade with its closest relative Sphaerisporangium rubeum JCM 13067 T (98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Moreover,
doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.000554
pmid:26303767
fatcat:7vh42pqvmngbrfzzs3caazkqh4
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... and chemotaxonomic properties of strain NEAU-GQTH1-3 T also confirmed the affiliation of the isolate to the genus Sphaerisporangium. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell sugars were glucose, galactose, madurose, mannose and ribose. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The major menaquinones were MK-9(H 4 ), MK-9(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 2 ). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16 : 0 and 10-methyl C 17 : 0 . Mycolic acids were absent. The DNA G+C content was 70.4 mol%. However, the low level of DNA-DNA relatedness and some phenotypic characteristics allowed the isolate to be differentiated from its closest relative. Therefore, it is concluded that strain NEAU-GQTH1-3 T represents a novel species of the genus Sphaerisporangium, for which the name Sphaerisporangium aureirubrum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-GQTH1-3 T
Rainbow Enhancers Regulate Restrictive Transcription in Teleost Green, Red, and Blue Cones
2017
Journal of Neuroscience
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Photoreceptor-specific transcription of individual genes collectively constitutes the transcriptional profile that orchestrates the structural and functional characteristics of each photoreceptor type. It is challenging, however, to study the transcriptional specificity of individual photoreceptor genes because each gene's distinct spatiotemporal transcription patterns are determined by the unique interactions between a specific set of transcription factors and the gene's own cis-regulatory
doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3421-16.2017
pmid:28193687
pmcid:PMC5354330
fatcat:atzdgtepyzc7blou4xhz7myifi
more »
... ents (CREs), which remain unknown for most of the genes. For example, it is unknown what CREs underlie the zebrafish mpp5b ponli (ponli) and crumbs2b (crb2b) apical polarity genes' restrictive transcription in the red, green, and blue (RGB) cones in the retina, but not in other retinal cell types. Here we show that the intronic enhancers of both the ponli and crb2b genes are conserved among teleost species and that they share sequence motifs that are critical for RGB cone-specific transcription. Given their similarities in sequences and functions, we name the ponli and crb2b enhancers collectively rainbow enhancers. Rainbow enhancers may represent a cis-regulatory mechanism to turn on a group of genes that are commonly and restrictively expressed in RGB cones, which largely define the beginning of the color vision pathway. Significance Statement Dim-light achromatic vision and bright-light color vision are initiated in rod and several types of cone photoreceptors, respectively; these photoreceptors are structurally distinct from each other. In zebrafish, although quite different from rods and UV cones, RGB cones (red, green, and blue cones) are structurally similar and unite into mirror-symmetric pentamers (G-R-B-R-G) by adhesion. This structural commonality and unity suggest that a set of genes is commonly expressed only in RGB cones but not in other cells. Here, we report that the rainbow enhancers activate RGB cone-specific transcription of the ponli and crb2b genes. This study provides a starting point to study how RGB cone-specific transcription defines RGB cones' distinct functions for color vision.
A Growth Measuring Approach for Maize Based on Computer Vision
[chapter]
2014
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
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Growth measuring for plant is an important work both in agriculture and botany. Computer vision provides a convenient non-contact way for measurements in many fields. In this paper, a growth measuring approach for maize based on computer vision is presented. Firstly, a computer vision system for maize in field consisting of binocular camera on a path beam is constructed, and doubles of maize images are captured. Under the definition of average growth velocity of maize, we measure the growth of
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54344-9_23
fatcat:pz3djnakjbbw3gwsfdgvl4txxi
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... iven maize plant by image processing and relevant calculations. Part of experimental results are given and discussed. Results and analysis show that the presented method is practicable for maize growth measuring in assigned time period. Finally, some limitations are pointed and more future works are addressed in computer visionbased measurement for plants.
An Image-based Canopy Reconstruction Framework for Field Maize
2018
DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering
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Plant canopy reconstruction is the fundamental and central problem of functional-structural plant modeling. In order to reconstruct geometric models of plant canopy by real-time image driving, this paper proposes a framework of imagebased maize canopy modeling. The framework builds field image and meteorological data acquisition system to acquire real-time information of plant canopy, then extracts plant growth position and plant azimuthal plane of each plant in the canopy. Morphological
doi:10.12783/dtcse/iceiti2017/18937
fatcat:pi663mvmevehljpzskzgmf776e
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... ers of plants are generated using crop model. Finally, geometric model of target canopies are reconstructed by parametric modeling and self-regulating from the image extracted coverage parameter. Experimental results shows that the average coverage error of five treatment maize canopies is 2.57% and LAI errors are smaller than ±1%. Light distribution verification average error of five canopies is 8.02%. This framework will provide technical support for maize field growth analysis and decision making based on Internet of things.
Apical Cell-Cell Adhesions Reconcile Symmetry and Asymmetry in Zebrafish Neurulation
2018
iScience
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Guo, Jian Zou, Yi Wen, Wei Fang, Donna Beer Stolz, Ming Sun, and Xiangyun Wei Figure 1 . 1 Three-Step Localizations of Apical Polarity Proteins Correlate with the Dynamics of Apical Cell-Cell Adhesions ...
robust mechanism, the yin-yang duality of tissue symmetry and cellular asym-ISCI, Volume 3
Supplemental Information Apical Cell-Cell Adhesions
Reconcile Symmetry and Asymmetry in Zebrafish Neurulation Chuanyu ...
doi:10.1016/j.isci.2018.04.007
pmid:29901027
pmcid:PMC5994761
fatcat:ytxfkyip2bhwhogdrkkrwb434i
Acoustic Streaming Generated by Sharp Edges: The Coupled Influences of Liquid Viscosity and Acoustic Frequency
2020
Micromachines
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Acoustic streaming can be generated around sharp structures, even when the acoustic wavelength is much larger than the vessel size. This sharp-edge streaming can be relatively intense, owing to the strongly focused inertial effect experienced by the acoustic flow near the tip. We conducted experiments with particle image velocimetry to quantify this streaming flow through the influence of liquid viscosity ν , from 1 mm 2 /s to 30 mm 2 /s, and acoustic frequency f from 500 Hz to 3500 Hz. Both
doi:10.3390/mi11060607
pmid:32580511
pmcid:PMC7345500
fatcat:ovn22mglpra7rbjf2njjntbcxi
more »
... ntities supposedly influence the thickness of the viscous boundary layer δ = ν π f 1 / 2 . For all situations, the streaming flow appears as a main central jet from the tip, generating two lateral vortices beside the tip and outside the boundary layer. As a characteristic streaming velocity, the maximal velocity is located at a distance of δ from the tip, and it increases as the square of the acoustic velocity. We then provide empirical scaling laws to quantify the influence of ν and f on the streaming velocity. Globally, the streaming velocity is dramatically weakened by a higher viscosity, whereas the flow pattern and the disturbance distance remain similar regardless of viscosity. Besides viscosity, the frequency also strongly influences the maximal streaming velocity.
Blood Coagulation Testing Smartphone Platform Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance Dissipation Method
2018
Sensors
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Blood coagulation function monitoring is important for people who are receiving anticoagulation treatment and a portable device is needed by these patients for blood coagulation self-testing. In this paper, a novel smartphone based blood coagulation test platform was proposed. It was developed based on parylene-C coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) dissipation measuring and analysis. The parylene-C coating constructed a robust and adhesive surface for fibrin capturing. The dissipation
doi:10.3390/s18093073
pmid:30217015
pmcid:PMC6164724
fatcat:pwvtp2zbxfa6dnzliblxtoaep4
more »
... r was obtained by measuring the frequency response of the sensor. All measured data were sent to a smartphone via Bluetooth for dissipation calculation and blood coagulation results computation. Two major coagulation indexes, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were measured on this platform compared with results by a commercial hemostasis system in a clinical laboratory. The measurement results showed that the adjusted R-square (R2) value for APTT and PT measurements were 0.985 and 0.961 respectively. The QCM dissipation method for blood coagulation measurement was reliable and effective and the platform together with the QCM dissipation method was a promising solution for point of care blood coagulation testing.
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