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Uncovering the fragility of large-scale engineering project networks
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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Christos Nicolaides has received funding from the European Union 's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 786247. ...
Nodes & Links Ltd provided support in the form of salary for Christos Ellinas, but did not have any additional role in the conceptualisation of the study, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation ...
arXiv:2009.11752v1
fatcat:jx2jcdsjyrhslbluxylbrqqf4a
Uncovering the fragility of large-scale engineering projects
2021
EPJ Data Science
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Christos Nicolaides has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 786247. ...
Nodes & Links Ltd provided support in the form of salary for Christos Ellinas, but did not have any additional role in the conceptualisation of the study, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation ...
doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00291-w
fatcat:x2eb7uumufaormkszbrdn3faa4
Modelling disease transmission from touchscreen user interfaces
[article]
2020
bioRxiv
pre-print
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Christos Nicolaides has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie project NISIHealth, grant agreement No. 786247. ...
doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.358820
fatcat:jeidy2r3pbhg7ouvwmqam5bjee
Exercise contagion in a global social network
2017
Nature Communications
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Christos Nicolaides gratefully acknowledges generous funding and support from the James S. McDonnell Postdoctoral Fellowship. ...
doi:10.1038/ncomms14753
pmid:28418379
pmcid:PMC5399289
fatcat:zpf42ujgevf23kroh4sqe7raoe
Anomalous physical transport in complex networks
2010
Physical Review E
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The emergence of scaling in transport through interconnected systems is a consequence of the topological structure of the network and the physical mechanisms underlying the transport dynamics. We study transport by advection and diffusion in scale-free and Erdős-Rényi networks. Velocity distributions derived from a flow potential exhibit power-law scaling with exponent Ϸ ␥ + 1, where ␥ is the exponent of network connectivity. Using stochastic particle simulations, we find anomalous ͑nonlinear͒
doi:10.1103/physreve.82.055101
pmid:21230532
fatcat:urggy3rnjvej7fbf6xjwqx3vm4
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... caling of the mean-square displacement with time. We show the connection with existing descriptions of anomalous transport in disordered systems, and explain the mean transport behavior from the coupled nature of particle jump lengths and transition times.
Is attending a higher achieving school always beneficial for student learning?
2021
Zenodo
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Nicolaides Christos Nicolaides is a Marie S. ...
Herbert Marsh Herbert Marsh is Professor Emeritus at the Department of Education, University of Oxford Theresa Dicke Theresa Dicke is Senior Research Fellow at the Australian Catholic University
Christos ...
doi:10.5281/zenodo.4717471
fatcat:fjfd73mngbfaxir6nmnvhzfaw4
Modeling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Cyprus
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) and Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) models and their modifications, have been used to model infectious diseases since the early 1920's (see Keeling and Rohani (2008) , Nicolaides ...
arXiv:2010.01927v1
fatcat:me6q5bxnvbdlbnydpm3w5izzem
Privacy preserving data visualizations
2021
EPJ Data Science
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AbstractData visualizations are a valuable tool used during both statistical analysis and the interpretation of results as they graphically reveal useful information about the structure, properties and relationships between variables, which may otherwise be concealed in tabulated data. In disciplines like medicine and the social sciences, where collected data include sensitive information about study participants, the sharing and publication of individual-level records is controlled by data
doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00257-4
pmid:33442528
pmcid:PMC7790778
fatcat:lmbanwnvyvcgxe3me2t2ays4ty
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... ection laws and ethico-legal norms. Thus, as data visualizations – such as graphs and plots – may be linked to other released information and used to identify study participants and their personal attributes, their creation is often prohibited by the terms of data use. These restrictions are enforced to reduce the risk of breaching data subject confidentiality, however they limit analysts from displaying useful descriptive plots for their research features and findings.Here we propose the use of anonymization techniques to generate privacy-preserving visualizations that retain the statistical properties of the underlying data while still adhering to strict data disclosure rules. We demonstrate the use of (i) the well-known k-anonymization process which preserves privacy by reducing the granularity of the data using suppression and generalization, (ii) a novel deterministic approach that replaces individual-level observations with the centroids of each k nearest neighbours, and (iii) a probabilistic procedure that perturbs individual attributes with the addition of random stochastic noise. We apply the proposed methods to generate privacy-preserving data visualizations for exploratory data analysis and inferential regression plot diagnostics, and we discuss their strengths and limitations.
HIV-1 Integrase: From Biology to Chemotherapeutics
2007
Current HIV Research
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AIDS has claimed the lives of 25 million people worldwide, an additional 40 million people are HIV-infected and new cases are being diagnosed every year. Despite the fact that HAART has moved AIDS from the category of terminal diseases to that of treatable chronic illnesses, its long-term therapeutic success may be compromised by the development of resistance to the currently used drugs. Despite the availability of RT, PR and fusion inhibitors, the development of further drugs such as
doi:10.2174/157016207781023965
pmid:17627500
fatcat:enzqc5botrbxfo55wvm7sth5gi
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... that target the third enzyme IN is essential for the clinical management of HIV-infected patients. The absence of cellular homolgues to IN and the unique nature of the reactions catalyzed by IN, make it an ideal target for drug design. Considerable progress towards designing HIV-1 IN inhibitors has been made over the last years and several lead compounds have been identified, synthesized and clinically studied. This review focuses on the existing knowledge of the biology of HIV-1 IN with emphasis on the mechanism of integration, structure and function and the technologies for measuring IN activity. This is followed by the current trends on designing HIV-1 IN inhibitors with the aid of molecular informatics and a review on the main classes of HIV-1 IN inhibitors reported this far with special emphasis on the clinical candidates.
Hand-hygiene mitigation strategies against global disease spreading through the air transportation network
[article]
2019
bioRxiv
pre-print
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Hand hygiene is considered as an efficient and cost-effective way to limit the spread of diseases and, as such, it is recommended by both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While the effect of hand washing on individual transmissibility of a disease has been studied through medical and public-health research, its potential as a mitigation strategy against a global pandemic has not been fully explored yet. In this study, we investigate
doi:10.1101/530618
fatcat:pp2drgxn45g6rlnlevddzqjije
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... ntagion dynamics through the world air transportation network and analyze the impact of hand-hygiene behavioural changes of airport population against the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. Using a granular dataset of the world air transportation traffic, we build a detailed individual mobility model that controls for the correlated and recurrent nature of human travel and the waiting-time distributions of individuals at different locations. We perform a Monte-Carlo simulation study to assess the impact of different hand-washing mitigation strategies at the early stages of a global epidemic. From the simulation results we find that increasing the hand cleanliness homogeneously at all airports in the world can inhibit the impact of a potential pandemic by 24 to 69%. By quantifying and ranking the contribution of the different airports to the mitigation of an epidemic outbreak, we identify ten key airports at the core of a cost-optimal deployment of the hand-washing strategy: increasing the engagement rate at those locations alone could potentially reduce a world pandemic by 8 to 37%. This research provides evidence of the effectiveness of hand hygiene in airports on the global spread of infectious diseases, and has important implications for the way public-health policymakers may design new effective strategies to enhance hand hygiene in airports through behavioral changes.
The Efficiency of U.S. Public Space Utilization During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
2021
Risk Analysis
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., masks and better usage of outdoor spaces like courtyards and takeout windows), and improving hospital treatments (Benzell, Collis, Nicolaides, & Bardhan, 2020) are unincorporated factors that also ...
doi:10.1111/risa.13800
pmid:34549813
pmcid:PMC8661668
fatcat:ukgkukand5h6vmn63ltyvq2npe
The Efficiency of US Public Space Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic
2021
Social Science Research Network
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. * Address correspondence to Christos Nicolaides, School of Economics and Management, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; nicolaides.christos@ucy.ac.cy † Authors listed in alphabetical order [WHO] ...
nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) other than social distancing measures (e.g., masks and better usage of outdoor spaces like courtyards and takeout windows), and improving hospital treatments (Benzell, Collis, Nicolaides ...
doi:10.2139/ssrn.3774478
fatcat:w6ctjcogwfejngt52reoxmrogm
The price of anarchy in mobility-driven contagion dynamics
2013
Journal of the Royal Society Interface
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Public policy and individual incentives determine the patterns of human mobility through transportation networks. In the event of a health emergency, the pursuit of maximum social or individual utility may lead to conflicting objectives in the routing strategies of network users. Individuals tend to avoid exposure so as to minimize the risk of contagion, whereas policymakers aim at coordinated behaviour that maximizes the social welfare. Here, we study agent-driven contagion dynamics through
doi:10.1098/rsif.2013.0495
pmid:23904588
pmcid:PMC3758010
fatcat:uywxstfz3rhzlowxdgp2tm3zri
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... nsportation networks, coupled to the adoption of either selfish-or policy-driven rerouting strategies. In analogy with the concept of price of anarchy in transportation networks subject to congestion, we show that maximizing individual utility leads to a loss of welfare for the social group, measured here by the total population infected after an epidemic outbreak.
Impact of viscous fingering and permeability heterogeneity on fluid mixing in porous media
2015
Water Resources Research
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A Metric of Influential Spreading during Contagion Dynamics through the Air Transportation Network
2012
PLoS ONE
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The spread of infectious diseases at the global scale is mediated by long-range human travel. Our ability to predict the impact of an outbreak on human health requires understanding the spatiotemporal signature of early-time spreading from a specific location. Here, we show that network topology, geography, traffic structure and individual mobility patterns are all essential for accurate predictions of disease spreading. Specifically, we study contagion dynamics through the air transportation
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040961
pmid:22829902
pmcid:PMC3400590
fatcat:sda6j7unerbaheno7ultvrzw44
more »
... twork by means of a stochastic agent-tracking model that accounts for the spatial distribution of airports, detailed air traffic and the correlated nature of mobility patterns and waiting-time distributions of individual agents. From the simulation results and the empirical air-travel data, we formulate a metric of influential spreading--the geographic spreading centrality--which accounts for spatial organization and the hierarchical structure of the network traffic, and provides an accurate measure of the early-time spreading power of individual nodes.
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