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H. Wada (trans. & annot.): Chen-la feng-t'u-chi, M. Fujiyoshi (trans. & annot.): Chu-fan-chih
1993
Southeast Asia History and Culture
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Bioinspired assembly of functional block-copolymer nanotemplates
2013
Soft Matter
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A new concept on bioinspired assembly of functional diblock copolymers, capable of forming different microstructures through nucleobase-induced supramolecular interactions, has been explored. In this paper, a new series of uracil-functionalized poly(3-caprolactone)-b-(4-vinylbenzyl uracil)s (PCL-b-PVBU) have been prepared which exhibit a high self-complementary ability in solution and solid states owing to the formation of uracil-uracil pairs by induced hierarchical self-assembly. The ordered
doi:10.1039/c3sm51870a
pmid:26029768
fatcat:njszeitny5gnrfhn2v6k6fyxiy
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... rphologies of PCL-b-PVBU diblock copolymers changed from a lamellar, hexagonally packed cylinder to a sphere with respect to the content of the hydrogen bond segment. Moreover, we further show that the PCL segment could be easily extracted by enzymatic degradation, leading to a cylinder porous structure of long-range order, which gives a facile method for the fabrication of uracil-functionalized nanotemplates. In addition, bio-complementary PCL-b-PVBU/9-hexadecyladenine (AC16) hierarchical supramolecular complexes formed through strong cooperative hydrogen bonding between the uracil group of PVBU and the adenine group of A-C16. When the mixing ratios of PCL-b-PVBU/AC16 differ from the stoichiometric ratio, these complexes self-assemble into well-ordered lamellar and hexagonal structures; the changing morphology at different AC16 loadings reveals that the molecular structures of the PCL-b-PVBU/AC16 complexes are readily tailored.
Nucleobase-grafted polycaprolactones as reversible networks in a novel biocompatible material
2013
RSC Advances
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A series of nucleobase-grafted polycaprolactones have been prepared which exhibits a high complementary ability in solution and solid states owing to the formation of uracil-adenine pairs by induced hierarchical self-assembly. In addition, they can selforganize into spherical structure and result in excellent biomaterial properties.
doi:10.1039/c3ra41412d
fatcat:76kiifrbynf3nbdf4ax67eb2e4
Regular honeycomb porous polymer films based on amphiphilic block copolymer
2006
Desalination
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Vertex-Context Sampling for Weighted Network Embedding
[article]
2017
arXiv
pre-print
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In recent years, network embedding methods have garnered increasing attention because of their effectiveness in various information retrieval tasks. The goal is to learn low-dimensional representations of vertexes in an information network and simultaneously capture and preserve the network structure. Critical to the performance of a network embedding method is how the edges/vertexes of the network is sampled for the learning process. Many existing methods adopt a uniform sampling method to
arXiv:1711.00227v1
fatcat:huwidhzbczg4zpyf5gn2cxv6be
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... ce learning complexity, but when the network is non-uniform (i.e. a weighted network) such uniform sampling incurs information loss. The goal of this paper is to present a generalized vertex sampling framework that works seamlessly with most existing network embedding methods to support weighted instead of uniform vertex/edge sampling. For efficiency, we propose a delicate sequential vertex-to-context graph data structure, such that sampling a training pair for learning takes only constant time. For scalability and memory efficiency, we design the graph data structure in a way that keeps space consumption low without requiring additional space. In addition to implementing existing network embedding methods, the proposed framework can be used to implement extensions that feature high-order proximity modeling and weighted relation modeling. Experiments conducted on three datasets, including a commercial large-scale one, verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed weighted network embedding methods on a variety of tasks, including word similarity search, multi-label classification, and item recommendation.
Defective formyl peptide receptor 2/3 and annexin A1 expressions associated with M2a polarization of blood immune cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2018
Journal of Translational Medicine
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. § p < 0.05 for comparisons between COPD patients with and without a specific management after 1-year follow-up Chen et al. ...
HC Chang, CCT, and HC Chen performed the flowcytometry and ELISA measurements of the blood samples. MCL and CHL contributed to the conceptualization and supervision of this study. ...
doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1435-5
pmid:29544524
pmcid:PMC5856198
fatcat:ywxg4mgiofhl5kn5xvpaaviwae
Inhaled corticosteroids can reduce osteoporosis in female patients with COPD
2016
International Journal of COPD
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Syntheses and specific interactions of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-b-vinyl pyrrolidone) diblock copolymers and comparisons with their corresponding miscible blend systems
2006
Polymer
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Combination of atom transfer radical and conventional free radical polymerizations has been successfully used to prepare poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-b-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PHEMA-b-PVP) copolymers with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity (<1.4). The thermal behavior and specific interaction of PHEMA-b-PVP diblock copolymers and their corresponding PHEMA/PVP blends were characterized. The result shows that glass transition temperatures of diblock copolymers analysed by
doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.071
fatcat:oazbyqcgq5fypc5qujc6rbb2i4
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... l scanning calorimetry (DSC) are higher than those of the blends. Infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopic analyses show that hydrogen-bonding interaction of hydroxylecarbonyl groups of diblock copolymers was also greater than that of the blends. Measurement of the proton spinelattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, ðT H 1r Þ, reveals that all diblock copolymers and blends possess one composition-dependent T H 1r , indicating that both diblock copolymers and blends are homogeneous, which is consistent with the DSC analysis.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties of Poly(Vinylidenefluoride-Co-Trifluoroethylene)/Carbon-Based Nanomaterial Composite Films for Pressure Sensing Applications
2020
Polymers
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In this study, heat and polarization treatments were applied to poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) films to improve their crystallinity and piezoelectric effect. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) of multiple dimensions (i.e., modified zero-dimensional (0D) carbon black (OCB), one-dimensional (1D) modified carbon nanotubes (CNT–COOH) and two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO)) were added to the copolymer to study the effects of different CBN dimensions on the
doi:10.3390/polym12122999
pmid:33339168
fatcat:vfxtzpl6i5eq3jsmdpmgrx443y
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... and piezoelectric effect of PVDF-TrFE films. Additionally, amphiphilic polymeric dispersants were added to improve the dispersibility of CBNs; the dispersant was synthesized by the amidation, and imidization reactions of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMAz) and polyoxyalkylene amine (M1000). Polymer solutions with different ratios of CBN to dispersant (z = 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10) were prepared. The enhanced dispersibility enabled the fluorine atoms in the PVDF-TrFE molecular chain to more efficiently form hydrogen bonds with the –COOH group in the CBN, thereby increasing the content of the β crystal phase (the origin of the piezoelectric effect) of the film. Therefore, the resulting film exhibited a higher output voltage on the application side and better sensitivity on the sensing element. The addition of CNT–COOH and polymeric dispersants increased the β-phase content in PVDF-TrFE from 73.6% to 86.4%, which in turn raised the piezoelectric coefficient from 19.8 ± 1.0 to 26.4 ± 1.3 pC/N. The composite film-based pressure sensor also exhibited a high degree of sensitivity, which is expected to have commercial potential in the future.
The renal-sparing efficacy of basiliximab in adult living donor liver transplantation
2005
Liver transplantation
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Abbreviations: LDLT, living donor liver transplantation; CMV, cytomegalovirus; CI, calcineurin inhibitor; IL-2Rab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil. From the Liver Transplant Program,
doi:10.1002/lt.20520
pmid:16184544
fatcat:szcj2syxtnb4dozx3udigni7vq
Main Chain–Type Block Copolymers through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Double-Decker–Shaped Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrids
2020
Polymers
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In this study, we synthesized two main chain–type block copolymers featuring hydrogen bond donor and acceptor segments through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a bifunctionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticle as the initiator. Hydrosilylation of vinylbenzyl chloride at the two corners of a double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) provided the bifunctionalized benzyl chloride initiator VBC-DDSQ-VBC, which we applied as a platform to prepare a main
doi:10.3390/polym12020465
pmid:32079321
pmcid:PMC7077682
fatcat:37pmfokpirgwfd7qqcftlfkluu
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... polystyrene homopolymer (PS-DDSQ-PS), the diblock copolymer poly(styrene–b–4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-P4VP), and the diblock copolymer poly(styrene–b–tert-butoxystyrene) (PtBuOS-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-PtBuOS) through sequential ATRP. Selective hydrolysis of the tert-butoxyl units of PtBuOS-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-PtBuOS yielded the strongly hydrogen bonding diblock copolymer poly (styrene-b-vinylphenol) (PVPh-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-PVPh). We used Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, mass-analyzed laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the chemical structures, thermal behavior, and self-assembled nanostructures formed by these main chain–type block copolymers based on DDSQ.
Escape from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis
2017
Journal of Biomedical Science
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Immune interferon (IFN), also known as IFN-γ, promotes not only immunomodulation but also antimicrobial and anticancer activity. After IFN-γ binds to the complex of IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) 1-IFNGR2 and subsequently activates its downstream signaling pathways, IFN-γ immediately causes transcriptional stimulation of a variety of genes that are principally involved in its biological activities. Regarding IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance, IFN-γ can directly suppress tumorigenesis and infection
doi:10.1186/s12929-017-0317-0
pmid:28143527
pmcid:PMC5286687
fatcat:xe2bzwis5zfnndqwlnn2ce7fha
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... or can modulate the immunological status in both cancer cells and infected cells. Regarding the anticancer effects of IFN-γ, cancer cells develop strategies to escape from IFN-γ-dependent cancer immunosurveillance. Immune evasion, including the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, and suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, is speculated to be elicited by the oncogenic microenvironment. All of these events effectively downregulate IFN-γ-expressing cells and IFN-γ production. In addition to these extrinsic pathways, cancer cells may develop cellular tolerance that manifests as hyporesponsiveness to IFN-γ stimulation. This review discusses the potential escape mechanisms from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis.
Nucleobase-grafted supramolecular polymers for tuning the surface properties
2014
Polymer Chemistry
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Nucleobase-grafted polycaprolactone has been prepared which exhibits amorphous nature, rapid photoresponse and controlled surface properties in the solid state owing to the formation of uracil-diamidopyridine (U-DAP) pairs by induced physical cross-linking. In addition, they can self-organize to alter material behavior with light, switching both optical and thermal properties. Remarkable changes in the surface morphology and the contact angle with water were also observed.
doi:10.1039/c3py01176c
fatcat:sai5y4ndnbajhnccjyb7ebftfm
Synthesis of Photoisomerizable Block Copolymers by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
2009
Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics
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A series of polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PnBMA) diblock copolymers (di-BCPs) with an azobenzene moiety [trans-4-methacryloyloxyazobenzene (MOAB)] in the PnBMA segment was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). P(nBMA-co-MOAB) macroinitiators were prepared by activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP. The MOAB was slightly more reactive than nBMA, resulting in a weak gradient fashion of copolymer. The macroinitiators were subsequently
doi:10.1002/macp.200900195
fatcat:q7necg2ixzbzzkl5zalbomtupm
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... xtended with styrene. Acceleration of the ATRP rate was observed in the presence of a reducing agent. P(nBMA-co-MOAB)-b-PS di-BCPs were obtained with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (M w /M n ¼ 1.16-1.49) and the molecular weights were in good agreement with the theoretical values. The efficiency of photoisomerization of the MOAB units was above 80%. DSC traces showed a single T g suggesting the block copolymers were miscible before UV irradiation. After UV irradiation, the X-ray reflectivity measurements showed the beating of two frequencies, indicating the formation of island-hole structure.
Novel polymer electrolyte composed of poly(ethylene oxide), lithium triflate, and benzimidazole
2003
Journal of Applied Polymer Science
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This work has demonstrated that the incorporation of benzimidazole derivatives, 2,2Ј-p-phenylenebisindole (PPBI), enhances the ionic conductivity of a poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolyte by 20 times more than the plain system. Specific interactions among amino group, ethyl oxide, and lithium cation were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, and alternating current impedance. The DSC characterization confirms that the initial addition of PPBI is able to
doi:10.1002/app.13190
fatcat:6fu6q774vjezjdhy7oafo7rfe4
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... ce the PEO crystallinity attributed to the interaction between the negative charge from the amino group and the lithium cation. Three types of complexes are present: complex I is present in the PEO phase, complex II resides at interphase, and complex III is located within the PPBI domain. Complex II plays the key role in stabilizing these two microstructure phases. FTIR spectra confirm that because of the presence of PPBI one is able to dissolve lithium salts more easily than in the plain electrolyte system and thus increase the fraction of free ions.
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