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Invisible genomes: the genomics revolution and patenting practice
2008
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
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This research was part of the program of Egenis, the ESRC Centre for Genomics in Society at the University of Exeter. ...
Adam Bostanci acknowledges a scholarship for doctoral studies from the University of Exeter. ...
Whereas previously it had been possible to determine the DNA sequences of particular genes or the genome sequence of simple viruses, automated DNA sequencing machines along with the data-processing powers ...
doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2007.12.010
pmid:18331958
fatcat:xkdwvjajhfei7hjkkwfnw2sglq
Biodiversity Research and Innovation in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
[article]
2020
bioRxiv
pre-print
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and payment for ecosystem services that would bring the Antarctic, and the Antarctic Treaty System, into the wider fold of work on the economics of biodiversity. ...
The paper argues that biodiversity is not a free good but must be paid for. ...
661 that, as Jefferson et. al. 2013 have ably demonstrated, sequences may appear in patent data 662 either because they are comparative reference sequences, or because they are claimed 663 [159] . ...
doi:10.1101/2020.05.03.074849
fatcat:s4tlsbtbfzf5vg2sgay5nss6ve
The Learning Needs of the Patent System: Implications from Institutionalism for Emerging Technologies Like Synthetic Biology
2013
Social Science Research Network
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This paper transposes dominant normative critiques with an institutionalist view of patent law by analysing how the multi-institutional setup of the patent system may determine the quality and coherence ...
The institutional environment of the patent system makes it opaque, sticky and complex. These significant features are examined for the first time in this paper. ...
The argument that the absence of any reference to the prior destruction of human embryos in the patent application would mean that products of such embryos are patentable was explicitly addressed by the ...
doi:10.2139/ssrn.2272980
fatcat:g425fgz6ujafrp3krsrxckkyva
The State of Art of New Transgenic Techniques in Plant Breeding: A Review
2016
Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology
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Table 15 summarises the claims of the patents in terms of plants and traits. ...
It is a very general patent since no specific plant species is claimed. The patent claims that silencing can be directed towards harmful genes for the plant or unwanted traits like over-ripeness. ...
As a service of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. ...
doi:10.9734/jabb/2016/27846
fatcat:4oa5ne5edrexvfisvmcdbgod3m
SIENNA D2.4: Ethical Analysis of Human Genetics and Genomics
2019
Zenodo
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In particular, we focus on the ethical issues pertaining to two areas of human genomics: 1) the study of the genome as currently performed through high throughput sequencing (e.g. with tools such as next ...
Secondly, we provide an extensive ethical analysis of human genomics . ...
We also would like to thank, for their contributions to this report, experts of genomics and/or ELSI of genomics who accepted interviews and took part in our survey and workshops. ...
doi:10.5281/zenodo.4068015
fatcat:c2xwv5h6jje4piilvj6rv6uajm
The ReceptIVFity cohort study protocol to validate the urogenital microbiome as predictor for IVF or IVF/ICSI outcome
2018
Reproductive Health
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The composition of the urinary and vaginal microbiome will be analysed with both Next Generation Sequencing and the IS-pro technique. ...
Studies have shown that the presence of certain microbiota during assisted reproductive technology (ART) has a positive impact on the outcome. ...
The collection of microorganisms that live on or in the human body is known as our microbiota and its complete genetic profile as the microbiome. ...
doi:10.1186/s12978-018-0653-x
fatcat:7djjtnhws5dx3ngjjhia2c4fmm
Patents as Credence Goods
2007
Oxford Journal of Legal Studies
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This paper argues that in newly arising or immature technologies, patents are subject to intrinsic and extrinsic uncertainty that make them very opaque representations of the underlying inventions. ...
Patents in immature technologies do not solve Arrow's information paradox of non-rivalrous goods because they do not represent the sharp exclusive right that is central to his thesis. ...
may be categorised. 59 Breadth of a patent usually also correlates to the number of claims. ...
doi:10.1093/ojls/gqm021
fatcat:2423rycmhnfixfq6m2xroyugua
GLUE: a flexible software system for virus sequence data
2018
BMC Bioinformatics
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HCV sequence data from GenBank is categorised and stored in a large-scale sequence alignment which is accessible via web-based queries. ...
Virus genome sequences, generated in ever-higher volumes, can provide new scientific insights and inform our responses to epidemics and outbreaks. ...
of HCV-GLUE, to Ru Xu of the Guangzhou Blood Center who contributed some metadata improvements for Genotype 6 sequences and to David Robertson and Massimo Palmarini who provided valuable feedback on the ...
doi:10.1186/s12859-018-2459-9
pmid:30563445
pmcid:PMC6299651
fatcat:bzbl2tx3gbelljsfeh5lnqhpcy
"Commercial revolution" of science: the complex reality and experience of genetic and genomic scientists
2006
Genomics, Society and Policy
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First, scientists insist on the existence of different types of university-industry relationships. Second, they urge that the multiple realities of genetic and genomic research be acknowledged. ...
humanity as a whole. ...
and a grant from Genome Quebec. ...
doi:10.1186/1746-5354-2-3-96
fatcat:6fapu5otura4hh6qrr6gqjn2wq
A new automated method for isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from urine eliminates inhibition and increases robustness for NAAT systems
2007
Journal of Microbiological Methods
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Acknowledgements The bulk of the work presented in this thesis was carried out at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, Division of Molecular Biology, University of Oslo between January 1998 and August ...
Harmful agents found in water can be categorised as being either chemical or microbial in nature. The latter is reported as causing the most human health disorders and morbidity. ...
comprises the whole genome. ...
doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2007.05.017
pmid:17610971
fatcat:47oyrrjbxzhbthumv73lpigtji
AI-Generated Inventions and IPR Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
2020
Legal Issues in the Digital Age
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The pandemic is a test of governments' medical capacity and their political will; it also raises several philosophical questions. It is a test of humans as a unit. A test of humanity as a whole. ...
The paper attempts to strike a balance between the needs of health care, life-threatening emergencies and IP rights by applying a utilitarian theory of IP law that denotes the «utility» of all people, ...
Sometimes, authors stated the significance of noting that every time a utilitarian solution to a dilemma is implemented, there will be greater wellbeing or happiness in the world. ...
doi:10.17323/2713-2749.2020.2.63.91
fatcat:cuemqbxsgbbbxfbubnsyctemhm
14. The Neurochemical Self and Its Anomalies
[chapter]
2003
Risk and Morality
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The Neurochemical Self and Its Anomalies: 41 12 Quoted from the NIH News Release of 20.5.98, http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/press/1998/cogal-text.htm. ...
But the draft sequence of the human genome published on 11 th February does not produce a single 'normal' sequence. ...
From Risk to Susceptibility In the early days of human genome project, when the term 'geneticisation' came into fashion amongst critics, it was often thought that the sequencing of the human genome would ...
doi:10.3138/9781442679382-019
fatcat:p3wiozr56bg63bcwk4ygivb3uu
TA in Biomedicine and Healthcare - from clinical evaluation to policy consulting
2001
TATuP - Journal for Technology Assessment in Theory and Practice
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In the light of the heavy media coverage of the race for sequencing the entire human genome in the last year and the expectations and promises of a break through in medical treatment and diagnosis connected ...
Cloning (OPECST) Prenatal Diagnostic, medical assisted fertilisation (OPECST) Research on human embryos (STOA) Bio-informatics (STOA) Sequencing the Human genome (STOA, POST, TAB) Reproductive Technologies ...
doi:10.14512/tatup.10.1.13
fatcat:7onanh5ohvgsvhqdenukp4f4ze
Computer Architecture-Aware Optimisation of DNA Analysis Systems
[article]
2021
arXiv
pre-print
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The cost of sequencing a human genome also has reduced from billions of dollars to hundreds of dollars. ...
DNA sequencers, the machines which perform DNA sequencing, have evolved from the size of a fridge to that of a mobile phone over the last two decades. ...
With various improvements to this method, automated
DNA sequencers were produced that were capable of sequencing complex genomes. ...
arXiv:2101.05012v1
fatcat:wcujdqliwzgrxd2zc2wcudbqpu
The Regulations
[chapter]
2010
International Governance of Biotechnology
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concern, and signifi cant applications and impacts of biotechnology. ...
Chapter 4 identifi ed seven issue areas in which there are both a high degree of international interdependence, where separate action by individual states will be insuffi cient to address matters of common ...
for any damage sustained as a direct and determining result of an intervention' affecting their genome (Article 8). • Research on the human genome must respect human dignity, human rights and fundamental ...
doi:10.5040/9781849661812.ch-006
fatcat:25w7ei7bsvdc7naqvkbhx3n5xa
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