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Elements of logic, rhetoric and eristic for expert witnesses giving oral opinions at court hearings
Elementy logiki, retoryki i erystyki dla biegłych wydających ustną opinię na rozprawie
2017
Psychiatria Polska
Elementy logiki, retoryki i erystyki dla biegłych wydających ustną opinię na rozprawie
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It sometimes happens that a wellprepared expert opinion (psychiatric and psychological) is discredited for nonsubstantive reasons due to some eristic and rhetorical tricks. ...
To help avoid such situations, this work presents the most important definitions of logic, rhetoric and eristic. ...
Logic, rhetoric and eristic are not included in the curriculum for medical doctors. ...
doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/68768
fatcat:g6yjrt7w3fdkxmb26xig3y7yaq
Application of Scientific Evidence as to the Main Argument in Determining the Causality of Doctors' Actions
2022
Zenodo
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By thinking critically, the medico-legal opinion given is guaranteed more logical, both clinical cases in the medical field and juridical cases in the field of law, it is necessary to develop arguments ...
that are full of causal related requires the explanation of forensic medicine experts as the main argument(central argument). ...
When associated with evidence-based arguments according to the level of complexity of medical cases, then the evidence is reliable and creates legal liability. ...
doi:10.5281/zenodo.6296612
fatcat:v3x7mixvcvhghnbdcpmbw6rio4
SkILL - A Stochastic Inductive Logic Learner
2015
2015 IEEE 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)
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SkILL can then use probabilistic data to extract non-trivial knowledge from databases, and also address efficiency issues by introducing an efficient search strategy for finding hypotheses in PILP environments ...
Data in several domains such as medicine and bioinformatics have an inherent degree of uncertainty, and because SkILL can handle this type of data, the models produced for these areas are closer to reality ...
This work is financed by the FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within project UID/EEA/50014/2013, and by NIH NLM grant R01-LM010921. ...
doi:10.1109/icmla.2015.159
dblp:conf/icmla/Corte-RealMDRB15
fatcat:dct33zdz2vcwhhanxn6bbxsfzq
The Role of Argumentation in Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning During Problem-Based Learning in Medical Education: A Conceptual Framework
2017
Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning
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This paper suggests four instructional strategies-understanding argument structures, questioning, elaborating on structural knowledge, and assessing argumentation-for promoting medical students' argumentation ...
This framework explains the structure of argumentation (a claim, data, and a warrant) contextualized in each phase of HDR during PBL. ...
Acknowledgments Part of this research was supported by the Graduate School and the Department of Career and Information Studies at the University of Georgia. ...
doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1638
fatcat:aahz4tzvhbdhxgdti5gekpx7ei
Abduction: Between Conceptual Richness and Computational Complexity
[chapter]
2000
Applied Logic Series
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draft; to Bob Kowalski for many hours of discussions about the role of abduction in Artificial Intelligence; and to Francesca Toni for her patient defence of the Logic Programming approach to abduction ...
Research for this chapter was conducted under a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship. I am grateful to the Academy for all the help. Many ideas of this chapter have been ...
The search for (types of) explanatory hypotheses should be preferential. The search should aim to create, as Peirce nicely put it (Peirce, 1957, p.254) , "good hypotheses". ...
doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0606-3_4
fatcat:y7bsytccf5f6do56uj6marovza
Harmonization of conflicting medical opinions using argumentation protocols and textual entailment - a case study on Parkinson disease
[article]
2016
arXiv
pre-print
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Medications are available for the management of its symptoms, but the exact cause of the disease is unknown and there is currently no cure on the market. ...
To better understand the relations between new findings and current medical knowledge, we need tools able to analyse published medical papers based on natural language processing and tools capable to identify ...
A multi-agent environment was considered for this purpose and fuzzy logic was used for the quantification of opinions and relation between them. ...
arXiv:1607.08075v1
fatcat:pbvibvway5bvdfzwu3yph6zutu
A CONSTRUCTIVIST METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF NETWORKED COGNITIVE COMMUNICATION AND THE ASSESSMENT OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE-BUILDING
2019
Online Learning
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The sentence (understood as judgment) is chosen as the unit of analysis, and the application of the method is further explained. ...
The method is grounded on genetic epistemology and integrates constructivist and socioconstructivist theoretical concepts. ...
either for the patient or for the medical personnel responsible for him/her. ...
doi:10.24059/olj.v8i2.1825
fatcat:dpdndd6levfrtfycglh35byg5i
SkILL - a Stochastic Inductive Logic Learner
[article]
2015
arXiv
pre-print
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This work introduces SkILL, a Stochastic Inductive Logic Learner, which takes probabilistic annotated data and produces First Order Logic theories. ...
(iii) a real world medical dataset in the breast cancer domain. ...
While researchers have spent their efforts on creating logic languages to represent probabilities and runtime environments that can deal with them [23, 22, 2, 6, 4, 18] , few works have been dedicated ...
arXiv:1506.00893v1
fatcat:2xrnjyq55radtk7ukfxqt6o5o4
Assessment Of Critical Thinking In Ph.D. Candidates Of Persian Medicine
2018
Zenodo
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Thinking and decision making abilities are one of the most important skills for clinicians in general or special practice; but many studies result showed a gap between the ideal and the real, which lead ...
Since traditional, alternative or complementary medical schools are still in the beginning road with various deficiencies in scientific structure or evidence-based instructions for clinicians, critical ...
Sohrab Dehghan for assistance with English edit that greatly improved the manuscript. ...
doi:10.5281/zenodo.1476937
fatcat:t6cvc4xubbcdbf7c5fkv26w43q
"Theoric Transformations" and a New Classification of Abductive Inferences
2010
Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society
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Based on a definition of -abductive insight‖ and a critical discussion of G. ...
described it with the notion of a -theoric transformation.‖ To understand the significance of theoric transformations-especially in mathematics-it is necessary to analyze in some detail Peirce's main example for ...
At first glance, these axioms do not -explain‖ anything, but they are nevertheless created as newly formed hypotheses that are instrumental for the theorem in question (p. 72). ...
doi:10.2979/trancharpeirsoc.2010.46.4.570
fatcat:2jbkxuikpbadjnxwzaqefvwnrm
Annotating Patterns of Reasoning about Medical Theories of Causation in Vaccine Cases: Toward a Type System for Arguments
2014
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Argumentation Mining
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Moreover, there must be a reliable and accurate method for classifying the arguments found in natural language legal documents. ...
The pattern types and examples presented here demonstrate the difficulty of developing a type or annotation system for characterizing the logically important patterns of reasoning. ...
We conclude by discussing our working hypotheses for developing a type system for arguments, as well as discussing prior related work. ...
doi:10.3115/v1/w14-2101
dblp:conf/acl/WalkerVS14
fatcat:etpi7vkxerglfb5iy3nz3eqxae
The Harmful, Nontherapeutic Use of Animals in Research Is Morally Wrong
2011
American Journal of the Medical Sciences
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I explain my Methods, which will involve presenting some basic logic and moral argument analysis skills. ...
METHODS First, I will present and explain some standard methods of analytic moral philosophers. They involve analyzing moral arguments using a set of logical tools. ...
doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e3182299421
pmid:21952174
fatcat:xyqtqpu4k5gp7ldozzjto43z7q
Probability Arguments in Criminal Law - Illustrated by the Case of Lucia de Berk
2015
Utrecht Law Review
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: God wanted to punish him for his atheism, and, being omnipotent and able to cause a miracle, God did so by creating the virus out of nothing in the atheist while he was travelling on subway line E. ...
In this section and the next one, I shall consider two logical reconstructions of the Coincidence Argument, and assess what can (and cannot) be shown by the argument on either of these two reconstructions ...
to care for patients who are seriously ill; (h 6 ) someone hates Lucia and tries to discredit her. 28 n his discussion of the Argument from Coincidence, Derksen adds two other hypothetical explanations ...
doi:10.18352/ulr.310
fatcat:it6y5vsscfeexcsadsfj7kg2nu
Why I teach the controversy: using creationism to teach critical thinking
2015
Frontiers in Psychology
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I began to explain creationism in my classes, and to model the scientific thought process that leads to a rejection of creationism. ...
Creationism and intelligent design are terms used to describe supernatural explanations for the origin of life, and the diversity of species on this planet. ...
At the same time, I explain several of the common logical fallacies that are evident in creationist arguments. I encourage students to ask questions, and force me to defend my statements. ...
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00793
pmid:26136700
pmcid:PMC4469816
fatcat:ytma7ypvuzhkjpuzpxenudrwvu
The ethics of alpha: reflections on statistics, evidence and values in medicine
2001
Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics
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The essay concludes with recommendations to acknowledge the value permeation of outcome measures and suggests that attention to reasoning and argument analysis can augment traditional evidence-based approaches ...
in providing a robust critical approach to medical knowledge. ...
The author would like to extend warm thanks to Shari Gruman for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript as well as the anonymous peer reviewers for their perceptive comments. ...
pmid:11939426
fatcat:whqzwt7qrff3pgwep22igr23au
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