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Actions, answers, and uncertainty: a decision-making perspective on Web-based question answering
2004
Information Processing & Management
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We review a two-phased Bayesian analysis and present an expected-utility analysis of information-gathering policies using these inferences. ...
The methods exploit the typical redundancy of information on the Web by making multiple queries to search engines and then combining the search results into an answer. ...
Acknowledgments We thank David Weise for providing assistance with use of a statistical parser developed by the Natural Language Group at Microsoft. ...
doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2004.04.013
fatcat:rgnrsw4iazhkddzuh64rg3d5ui
A Computational Architecture for Conversation
[chapter]
1999
CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences
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We describe representation, inference strategies, and control procedures employed in an automated conversation system named the Bayesian Receptionist. ...
The prototype is focused on the domain of dialog about goals typically handled by receptionists at the front desks of buildings on the Microsoft corporate campus. ...
We developed and implemented methods for performing cost−benefit analysis to guide decisions about progression to the next level of detail, or to return to a previously examined level, based on inferred ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-2490-1_20
fatcat:d5aw3dvllzhfpg7k33oz2lgszu
Research Findings and Strategies for Assessing Telemedicine Costs
2005
Telemedicine journal and e-health
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Cost savings and benefits are often suggested by the logic of its impact on health care and by the promise of technology, but definitive information on the costs and benefits remain elusive. ...
Telemedicine cost studies will be assessed on their methods of statistical inference, use of critical economic concepts, and contextual definition for the determination of costs and benefits. ...
Clinical research design and statistical inference have guided telemedicine cost evaluations. ...
doi:10.1089/tmj.2005.11.348
pmid:16035931
fatcat:j7smypkaofcwjlmhxhftopedoi
Accounting for aetiology: can regional surveillance data alongside host biomarker-guided antibiotic therapy improve treatment of febrile illness in remote settings?
2019
Wellcome Open Research
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We provide cost-effectiveness estimates for each strategy alone and then for an integrated approach using both interventions. ...
In this modelling analysis, an integrated system incorporating point-of-care host biomarker testing and regional surveillance data appears highly cost-effective, and may warrant piloting in a real-life ...
The simulated costs and benefits of each strategy across the 100 simulations and the cost-effectiveness frontier are shown in Figure 2 . ...
doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14976.2
fatcat:ibwl5frztbdotdsuj3t4zssplu
Selective Application of Routine Preoperative Axillary Ultrasonography Reduces Costs for Invasive Breast Cancers
2011
The Oncologist
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On two-way sensitivity analysis, the cost benefit for axillary ultrasound was not seen in patients with a low risk for nodal metastasis. Conclusion. ...
One-and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed to check the validity of our inferences. ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This study was supported in part by the Don and Erika Wallace Breast Cancer Research Foundation.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ...
doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0373
pmid:21572122
pmcid:PMC3228129
fatcat:cqvv6tbkkrdcvc2pr2fmkbeowy
A comparative analysis of health surveillance strategies for administrative video display terminal employees
2019
BioMedical Engineering OnLine
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This information was used to build an influence diagram to evaluate the time and monetary costs associated with each diagnostic test and define an optimal protocol strategy based on occupational risks. ...
The Bayesian network inferred age, sleep quality, activity level, smoking and the consumption of alcohol as risk factors. ...
The optimized strategy (F) reduces costs by more than half (54%), whereas the various flexible strategy options reduce costs in an interval that ranges from 11 (B) to 41% (E), depending on the diagnostic ...
doi:10.1186/s12938-019-0737-z
pmid:31829225
pmcid:PMC6907276
fatcat:lughesd6cfhufh34msogshwkxa
Accounting for aetiology: can regional surveillance data alongside host biomarker-guided antibiotic therapy improve treatment of febrile illness in remote settings?
2019
Wellcome Open Research
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We provide cost-effectiveness estimates for each strategy alone and then for an integrated approach using both interventions. ...
In this modelling analysis, an integrated system incorporating point-of-care host biomarker testing and regional surveillance data appears highly cost-effective, and may warrant piloting in a real-life ...
regional costs and benefits of each strategy across the 100 simulations and the cost-effectiveness frontier are shown in Figure 2 . ...
doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14976.1
pmid:31245630
pmcid:PMC6589932
fatcat:3wl6n2266zepfneqljngggnkki
A Cyber Deception Defense Method Based on Signal Game to Deal with Network Intrusion
2022
Security and Communication Networks
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Then, on the basis of the in-depth analysis of network attack and defense scenarios, a signal game model is constructed to describe the network attack and defense process, and a multistage attack and defense ...
The experimental results show that the defense method proposed in this paper could guide the defender to implement the optimal defense strategy and achieve a better defense effect. ...
However, the quantification of the benefits is based on an ideal environment. ...
doi:10.1155/2022/3949292
fatcat:tu5yhviobjenfjpc4tqtp2r7o4
The importance of learning when making inferences
2008
Judgment and Decision Making
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For the second study, by Br"oder and Schiffer (2006), the SSL theory is able to provide an explanation for why participants only slowly adapted to new environments in a dynamic inference situation. ...
The experimental findings of two previous studies on strategy selection are reexamined from a learning perspective, which argues that people learn to select strategies for making probabilistic inferences ...
Cost-benefit approach to strategy selection The contingency model of Beach and Mitchell (1978) conceptualizes the selection of strategies as a cost-benefit analysis. ...
doaj:3e28278ad91a4c278fdb928257e8adf0
fatcat:fzbzfcdidfadljz6wkk7ori6ti
Computational rationality: A converging paradigm for intelligence in brains, minds, and machines
2015
Science
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After growing up together, and mostly growing apart in the second half of the 20th century, the fields of artificial intelligence (AI), cognitive science, and neuroscience are reconverging on a shared ...
Advances include the development of representations and inferential procedures for large-scale probabilistic inference and machinery for enabling reflection and decisions about tradeoffs in effort, precision ...
A net value of action is derived as the difference between the expected value of action based on a current analysis and the cost of computation required to attain the level of analysis. ...
doi:10.1126/science.aac6076
pmid:26185246
fatcat:vpr6ke7czvhdpa4dnebvize7yq
Management of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients: a cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment options
2014
Journal of Viral Hepatitis
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We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of boceprevir (BOC)-and telaprevir (TVR)-based triple therapy according to different patients' selection strategies. ...
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for F1-F4 strategy relative to F3-F4 was €5132 per quality-adjusted life years gained, across TVR IL-28B-guided ...
This work was an independent research and was not funded. MS and JL were funded by the NIH Grant DK34989: Silvio O. Conte Digestive Diseases Research Core Centers. ...
doi:10.1111/jvh.12278
pmid:25040391
pmcid:PMC4519006
fatcat:ro5oqexsbrccboe2qc5iueebva
Statistical considerations in economic evaluations: a guide for cardiologists
2014
European Heart Journal
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cost estimation can have a greater impact on the overall usefulness of an economic evaluation to guide decision-making. ...
Distributional characteristics of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios With individual patient-level data on costs and effectiveness, one can make statistical inferences about the ICER. ...
doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu174
pmid:24801070
fatcat:unqtgepcyrfgblxtkljugwqfza
An Integrated Perspective on Phylogenetic Workflows
2016
Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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A generative model and probabilistic framework provide a unified perspective to assess the costs and benefits of relaxing these assumptions, helps identify what methods and tools are missing, and provides ...
How each of these analysis components is implemented and integrated is an important decision in designing a phylogenetic study [1] . ...
Thanks to Sam Church for feedback on the manuscript. ...
doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.007
pmid:26775796
fatcat:xyc7tpnk3fa2fgqdlouminiz2a
Supporting Situation Assessment Through Attention Guidance: A Cost-Benefit and Depth of Processing Analysis
2001
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
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Those participants who detected the failure were inferred to have processed the cues more deeply on the memory trials. The costs and benefits of automated cueing are discussed. ...
On 2 trials a memory probe was administered to assess the depth of processing of information, and on the final trial an automation failure was presented. ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Sharon Yeakel for her time and programming skills, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and feedback. ...
doi:10.1177/154193120104500411
fatcat:mlyse2hc3rhubgfz5xpdkkjz6u
New Protease Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
2012
Annals of Internal Medicine
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Results were sensitive to the cost of protease inhibitors and treatment adherence rates. Data on the long-term comparative effectiveness of the new protease inhibitors are lacking. ...
To assess the cost-effectiveness of new protease inhibitors and an interleukin (IL)-28B genotyping assay for treating chronic hepatitis C virus. Decision-analytic Markov model. ...
The solid lines represent the cost-effectiveness frontier, those strategies that are potentially cost-effective depending on one's willingness to pay per unit of health benefit gained, expressed as an ...
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00005
pmid:22351713
pmcid:PMC3586733
fatcat:nledkuqapbdybohq3q3kvpotsa
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