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Universal vs. particular reasoning: a study with neuroimaging techniques
2013
Logic Journal of the IGPL
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We show that this distinction has interesting applications to cognition, and particularly to the analysis of human reasoning. ...
and negative polarity of logical operators (connectives and quantifiers). ...
After dealing with an Introduction, I shall review some fuzzy logic applications and investigate the ground of their reliability, in order to restrict their role in explanation. ...
doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzt008
fatcat:in3heigktvba3p6rt33jnbplgq
Prefiguring Ethical Chances: The Role of Moral Mediators
[chapter]
2006
Studies in Computational Intelligence
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to build prostheses (epistemic mediators) for human minds, by interacting with external objects and representations in a constructive way. ...
Moral reasoning could be viewed as a form of "possible worlds" anticipation, a way of getting chances to shape the human world and act in it. ...
Theoretical abduction 2 certainly illustrates much of what is important in creative abductive reasoning, in humans and in computational programs, but fails to account for many cases of explanations occurring ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34353-0_13
fatcat:3krnsx6udzbfrihptk6eati44u
Applications of scott's notion of consequence to the study of general binary intensional connectives and entailment
1973
Journal of Philosophical Logic
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It initiates the programme, continued in other papers of re-evaluating the notions of logic and proof theory in the light of applications of logic in Infomation Technology. ...
File: DovPapers/055/055-TFNMR.tex N-Prolog: An Extension of Prolog with Hypothetical Implications 2 Journal of Logic Programming, 2, 251-283, 1986. ...
Modal and Temporal Logic Programming In Temporal Logics and Their Applications, A. Galton, ed. pp 197-237. Academic Press, 1987 . ...
doi:10.1007/bf00129607
fatcat:e6lokulrwrfcvl525fgj6dcr3m
Page 103 of Ethics Vol. 53, Issue 2
[page]
1943
Ethics
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If pure ethics is meaningless with- out some application, application itself requires something to be applied. ...
The con- clusion will demand a program of moral conduct and therefore belong in practical ethics, but it will reveal that this demand issues from an ethical principle which was implicit in pure ethics ...
Obligation as Optimal Goal Satisfaction
2017
Journal of Philosophical Logic
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applications, including abductive explanations, defeasible reasoning, combinatorial optimisation, and reactive systems of the production system variety. ...
Formalising deontic concepts, such as obligation, prohibition and permission, is normally carried out in a modal logic with a possible world semantics, in which some worlds are better than others. ...
Kowalski also thanks the Japanese Society for the Advancement of Science for its support in the initial phase of this work. ...
doi:10.1007/s10992-017-9440-3
fatcat:pcsnnijeorgohj6nddxdhf4q5i
A decision support system for bureaucratic policy administration: An abductive logic programming approach
1996
Decision Support Systems
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In this paper, we present an approach that uses abductive logic programming for building a decision support system for the administration of bureaucratic policies. ...
The system will help administrators decide the consistency of a policy with respect to the current set of policies and hence, prevent the introduction of inconsistent policies. ...
Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge those ...
doi:10.1016/0167-9236(94)00054-9
fatcat:bbvlza5hvbdg7ihpk3pmygpx24
INSPECTING AND PREFERRING ABDUCTIVE MODELS
[chapter]
2013
The Handbook on Reasoning-Based Intelligent Systems
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This work proposes the application of preferences over abductive logic programs as an appealing declarative formalism to model choice situations. ...
In particular, both a priori and a posteriori handling of preferences between abductive extensions of a theory are addressed as complementary and essential mechanisms in a broader framework for abductive ...
and application development in logic programming. ...
doi:10.1142/9789814329484_0010
fatcat:ndx54jenmbgqpac3wn2yssfg44
Introduction to the 30th International Conference on Logic Programming Special Issue
2014
Theory and Practice of Logic Programming
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Related Paradigms: Abductive Logic Programming, Inductive Logic Programming, Constraint Logic Programming, Answer-Set Programming; Applications: Databases, Data Integration and Federation, Software Engineering ...
Papers describing original, previously unpublished research and not simultaneously submitted for publication elsewhere were solicited in all areas of logic programming including but not restricted to: ...
Abductive logic programs and logic program updates thus naturally coexist in problems that are susceptible to hypothetical reasoning about change. ...
doi:10.1017/s1471068414000581
fatcat:6fczd6mhxjcutozkk6t23lvn5e
A Step towards Medical Ethics Modeling
[chapter]
2010
IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology
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In this paper we present some of the modeling lines of ethical reasoning applied to medicine, and defend that continuous logic programming presents potential for the development of trustworthy morally ...
In areas such as medicine where quality of life and the life itself of a patient may be at stake, the ability to make the reasoning process understandable to staff and to change is of a paramount importance ...
Modeling Clinical Ethics With respect to the computational paradigm, it was considered Logic Programming in the form of a Continuous Logic Programming (CLP), once the truth values are defined in the range ...
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15515-4_4
fatcat:v63qfjur2nevthgdj32p7ddgla
Editorial: 29th International Conference on Logic Programming special issue
2013
Theory and Practice of Logic Programming
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Beginning in 2010, the proceedings have been published in a dual format: with regular papers contained in a special issue of Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP), and technical communications ...
The proceedings of the International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP) have had several publishers, including MIT Press and Springer's Lecture Notes in Computer Science. ...
We believe that these regular papers, technical communications and doctoral consortium papers together provide an excellent representation of logic programming in 2013, along with hints of future directions ...
doi:10.1017/s1471068413000112
fatcat:6w2qsd63sne5fhm6o7cxuhli2y
A multi-component framework for the analysis and design of explainable artificial intelligence
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
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First, the enormous application success of modern machine learning methods, especially deep and reinforcement learning, which have created high expectations for industrial, commercial and social value. ...
As some surveys of current XAI suggest, there is yet to appear a principled framework that respects the literature of explainability in the history of science, and which provides a basis for the development ...
Acknowledgements We acknowledge support from the Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (AMII), from the Computing Science Department of the University of Alberta, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering ...
arXiv:2005.01908v1
fatcat:af7fhjzyhveellylg3zqdtobpm
The Logical Way to Be Artificially Intelligent
[chapter]
2006
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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Abductive logic programming (ALP) can be used to model reactive, proactive and pre-active thinking in intelligent agents. ...
Pre-active thinking generates logical consequences of candidate actions, to help in deciding between the alternatives. ...
Acknowledgements Many thanks to the anonymous reviewers and to Ken Satoh for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. ...
doi:10.1007/11750734_1
fatcat:af3mft3nrna7dlchekvl7wmqfa
Multimodal Abduction: External Semiotic Anchors and Hybrid Representations
2006
Logic Journal of the IGPL
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Our brains make up a series of signs and are engaged in making or manifesting or reacting to a series of signs: through this semiotic activity they are at the same time engaged in "being minds" and so ...
I consider this interplay critical in analyzing the relation between meaningful semiotic internal resources and devices and their dynamical interactions with the externalized semiotic materiality suitably ...
Theoretical abduction certainly illustrates much of what is important in creative abductive reasoning, in humans and in computational programs, but fails to account for many cases of explanations occurring ...
doi:10.1093/jigpal/jzk009
fatcat:yudnipyxuffq7lgz7xatysymdi
Hints and guesses: Legal modes of semio-logical reasoning
2005
Sign Systems Studies
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induction, orienting its habituality (habits) in moral time and space. ...
Abduction occurs in intuitive conclusions regarding the possibility of backward reasoning, contrary to the system of law. ...
In The Problems of Moral and Legal Theory (1999) , Posner briefly touches on the judges' moral intuitions with respect to the pain of the enforced punishment. ...
doi:10.12697/sss.2005.33.2.01
fatcat:tsa5piqttzhdleyovmiefzc2eq
The Darwinian Algorithm and Scientific Enquiry
1999
Contemporary Psychology
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Time and again in this handbook, interdisciplinary consilience emerges from the application of the Darwinian algorithm to the ideas, issues, and applications of evolu- tionary psychology. ...
At the deductive level, this in- volves operationalizing variables and their assumed relationships leading to logical (if- then) consequences that are amenable to ex- perimentation and subsequent inductive ...
doi:10.1037/001977
fatcat:k2hpg7dinnfwxl3y6t7kvjtbhy
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