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An AI Based Super Nodes Selection Algorithm in BlockChain Networks
[article]
2018
arXiv
pre-print
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Experimental results demonstrate that our framework combines the advantages of Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake and Delegated-Proof-of-Stake by avoiding complicated hash operation and monopoly. ...
The state-of-the-art protocols include Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake and Delegated-Proof-of-Stake. ...
There are several representative methods recently, including Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Stake (PoS) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS). ...
arXiv:1808.00216v1
fatcat:g2it7x2rvzho5duerjmqzq3y34
Consensus in the Age of Blockchains
[article]
2017
arXiv
pre-print
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After first discussing key themes in classical consensus protocols, we describe: first protocols based on proof-of-work (PoW), second proof-of-X (PoX) protocols that replace PoW with more energy-efficient ...
We address this challenge by conducting a systematic and comprehensive study of blockchain consensus protocols. ...
A number of recent systems have provably secure proof-of-stake protocols [50, 52, 83] . ...
arXiv:1711.03936v2
fatcat:va2pvautcvf4zdt5marnsornvi
A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks
[article]
2019
arXiv
pre-print
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Among various core components, consensus protocol is the defining technology behind the security and performance of blockchain. ...
Since the inception of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology have attracted an increasing interest from both academia and industry. ...
Yonggang Wen, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this paper. This work was supported in part by US National Science Foundation under grants CNS-1916902, CNS-1916926. ...
arXiv:1904.04098v3
fatcat:gegtpion3jditfhavbgprmfwnm
Blockchain-Empowered Mobile Edge Intelligence, Machine Learning and Secure Data Sharing
[chapter]
2021
Blockchain Potential in AI [Working Title]
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learning, secure data sharing, and basic introduction of post-quantum blockchain. ...
However, those distributed frameworks of edge intelligence also introduce some new challenges, such as user privacy and data security. ...
This mechanism is often called proof-of-work (PoW) and it costs a lot of power and electricity. ...
doi:10.5772/intechopen.96618
fatcat:tjon4elghrcq5e5lfsfmyx2srm
Layer 2 Blockchain Scaling: a Survey
[article]
2021
arXiv
pre-print
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analysis of each solution is based on how it affects five key aspects of blockchain technology and Layer II: scalability, security, decentralization, privacy, fees and micropayments (the last two are ...
The structure of the work is based on three major sections. In particular, the first one is an introductory part about the technology, the scalability issue and Layer II as a solution. ...
proof-of-work blockchains. ...
arXiv:2107.10881v1
fatcat:nymuegrpq5givl7rmlhzhum524
TwinsCoin
2018
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Blockchains, Cryptocurrencies, and Contracts - BCC '18
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We design and implement TwinsCoin, the rst cryptocurrency based on a provably secure and scalable public blockchain design using both proof-of-work and proof-of-stake mechanisms. ...
Di erent from the proof-ofwork based Bitcoin, our construction uses two types of resources, computing power and coins (i.e., stake). e blockchain in our system is more robust than that in a pure proof-of-work ...
Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dmitry Meshkov for helping with coding and testing the system. ...
doi:10.1145/3205230.3205233
dblp:conf/ccs/DuongCFZ18
fatcat:tmv4xsibbrcclnqpro6bzhwwum
SoK of Used Cryptography in Blockchain
[article]
2019
arXiv
pre-print
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The underlying fundaments of blockchain are cryptography and cryptographic concepts that provide reliable and secure decentralized solutions. ...
Although many recent papers study the use-cases of blockchain in different industrial areas, such as finance, health care, legal relations, IoT, information security, and consensus building systems, only ...
In the case of Ethereum, a hard fork will occur when it will migrate from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake. ...
arXiv:1906.08609v3
fatcat:l62esrum3bhmfcdxzpx3h3he4e
Blockchain-Based Lightweight Trust Management in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
2020
Sensors
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As a securely distributed and trusted platform, blockchain solves most of the security issues in the OLSR, in which every node is performing the security operation individually and in a repetitive manner ...
The proposed scheme provides the distributed trust framework for routing nodes in MANETs that is tamper-proof via blockchain. ...
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. ...
doi:10.3390/s20030698
pmid:32012774
pmcid:PMC7038462
fatcat:qsti5vcqhfh5vgf6katjfwuaiy
A Taxonomy of Blockchain Consensus Methods
2020
Cryptography
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Blockchain implementations are split between consensus algorithms requiring proof of resource and those that use majority voting to update the ledger. ...
However, there appears to be a degree of misunderstanding about how consensus is applied across blockchains. ...
The acronyms used in the table are, in order of appearance: Po Proof-of- PoET Proof of Elapsed Time PoW Proof-of-Work BFT Byzantine Fault Tolerant PoS Proof-of-Stake SMaRt State Machine Replication PBFT ...
doi:10.3390/cryptography4040032
fatcat:5odh2nuv7veypo7cahu4tv5tui
Reinshard: An optimally sharded dual-blockchain for concurrency resolution
[article]
2021
arXiv
pre-print
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Inspired by hybrid Proof-of-Work/Proof-of-Stake (PoW/PoS), like Ethereum, hybrid consensus and 2-hop blockchain, we propose Reinshard, a new blockchain that inherits the properties of hybrid consensus ...
The applicability of Reinshard is demonstrated through security and experimental evaluations. ...
One of the examples of a hybrid blockchain is 2-hop blockchain [20] , which is a provably secure and scalable public blockchain. It uses PoW and PoS chain-pair as its operational principles. ...
arXiv:2109.07316v1
fatcat:35eypdkbb5bzvfeq3sp6wyxkvm
BLOWN: A Blockchain Protocol for Single-Hop Wireless Networks under Adversarial SINR
[article]
2022
arXiv
pre-print
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In this paper, we propose a novel consensus protocol named Proof-of-Channel (PoC) leveraging the natural properties of wireless communications, and develop a permissioned BLOWN protocol (BLOckchain protocol ...
Known as a distributed ledger technology (DLT), blockchain has attracted much attention due to its properties such as decentralization, security, immutability and transparency, and its potential of servicing ...
Program of Ministry of Education of China under grant 2020KJ010301, and the Key Science and Technology Project of Guangxi under grant AB19110044. ...
arXiv:2103.08361v3
fatcat:5jhe4y5ko5dxzdj5byp7dfk7qq
Efficient Blockchain System based on Proof of Segmented Work
2020
2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP)
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are Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS). ...
three of these algorithms, namely Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of Elapsed time (PoET). ...
doi:10.1109/tensymp50017.2020.9231027
fatcat:oosdnw2mfnejbfmgah6ii5r6jq
Blockchain Design for an Embedded System
2019
Ledger
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A consensus mechanism, Proof of Validity, is introduced to allow the effort of mining blocks to correlate with the desired tasks the robotic system was designed for. ...
Options, trade-offs and considerations for implementing blockchain technology on an embedded system with wireless radio communication are explored and discussed. ...
Robertson and W. Langford for their feedback and suggestions on this project. This work was supported by the Center for Bits and Atoms research consortia; thank you! ...
doi:10.5195/ledger.2019.172
fatcat:hc5hlodqongbbeuuuduzqykvrm
Survey of Consensus Algorithms for Proof of Stake in Blockchain
2022
Security and Communication Networks
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This paper classifies the improvement schemes of proof of stake (PoS) into three categories: PoS-based consensus algorithms, PoS- and PoW-based consensus algorithms, and PoS- and BFT-based consensus algorithms ...
As the core of blockchain technology, the consensus algorithm directly affects the security, stability, and decentralisation of the blockchain and numerous other important characteristics. ...
Acknowledgments is work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 61862007) and the Innovation Project of Guangxi Minzu University Graduate Education (gxun-chxps202081 ...
doi:10.1155/2022/2812526
fatcat:s7bg6fl3vjdilaaullpzkavt2u
Blockchain-based Traffic Event Validation and Trust Verification for VANETs
2019
IEEE Access
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INDEX TERMS Blockchain, event validation, proof-of-event consensus, trust verification, vehicular ad-hoc networks. 30868 2169-3536 ...
This paper proposes a proof-of-event consensus concept applicable to vehicular networks rather than proof-ofwork or proof-of-authority approaches. ...
The most common mechanisms include Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Stake (PoS), Proof-of-Authority (PoA), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), etc. [15] - [17] . ...
doi:10.1109/access.2019.2903202
fatcat:b2xwkksklffoxowmzju6klg7ie
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