Scholar User Guide

Sjekk også: Om Scholarly-søk

This service provides fulltext searching for research publications archived in Internet Archive's various collections. It includes content from the natural sciences, humanities, biomedicine, art, history, industrial research, government reports, and more.

Reader access to the content is provided when possible. Sometimes this access is to a preprint or other version of the work, and this is indicated in the search results. In other cases, depending on search filters, results are included for which there is only a bibliographic catalog entry. It may still be possible to obtain access through a public library or from the publisher directly.

Spørringssyntaks

In addition to the basic filtering and sorting options, this search interface also allows the use of Lucene query syntax in the search box. You can restrict term queries on multiple metadata fields using colon statements like journal:Science, set filters like lang:de, and apply range queries like year:>1989 year:<2000.

While this syntax allows for relatively complex and powerful queries, at some point advanced users may run into limits on the size or complexity of queries. For øyeblikket anbefaler vi systemer som lens.org for et kraftigere grensesnitt.

Eksempelspørringer

Søk etter digitaliserte sider om et emne fra spesifikke år:

Søk etter publiseringer på Kinesisk som samsvarer med et søk:

Konferansepubliseringer med forfatternavns-spørring:

Siterings-spørringer

Som en eksperimentell funksjon, hvis søket «ser ut som» en formell sitering, som den er å finne i bibliografien til en forskningspublikasjon, vil tjenesten prøve å tolke siteringen og jamføre den mot vår katalog av kjente verker. Hvis dette skjer, ignoreres alle filtre.

Metadata Fields

You can restrict to records where the field exists with an asterisk like doi:*, and negate any term like !type:article-journal.

In-depth documentation of the query syntax is available from the Elasticsearch project.

The complete current search document schema is available (as JSON) in the source code.

title:
author:
journal:
year:
issue:
volume:
doi:
tag:	eg, "tag:oa"
type:	eg, "article-journal", "dataset", "book"
stage:	eg, "published", "submitted", "accepted", "draft"
lang;	value is a 2-character lower-case ISO language code)
country:	value is a 2-character lower-case ISO country code
access_type:	"wayback", "ia_file", "ia_sim"

Søkeresultater

Tilgangslenker

	All Internet Archive preservation copy links have the same style and icon. Content from the Wayback Machine looks like this.
	If the preserved copy of the work is from a pre-print, author manuscript, or other alternative version of the work, the access link has an indicator. You can get details and view all versions by clicking on the primary title link
	Some preserved content, particularly older Public Domain works, may be stored in general Internet Archive digital collections (as opposed to the web archive)
	Digitized copies of works on microfilm may be linked to experimentally. Access may be limited to controlled lending
	A publisher landing page is the authoritative source for the "version of record" of a research publication, but content is not always accessible to the general public
	When the work is from an Open Access publication (sometimes known as "Gold" or "Diamond" OA), and the publisher is expected to provide access to all readers, the button has an orange "unlocked" icon
	If the work is archived in full on a reliable, open platform, we will sometimes provide additional links

Tagger

Search results may have tag labels which provide additional context about the work. For example, indexes the journal is included in, or open platform technology used for publications.

Flerfoldige versjoner	There are multiple released "versions" or "editions" of this work, and bibliographic metadata for the "primary" is being shown. Click the title to see other versions
lang:en	Hovedspråket for dette verket er forskjellig fra søkegrensesnittsspråket. ISO-tobokstavskode er indikert
DOAJ	Published in a Directory of Open Access Journals publication, which implies that this is an Open Access work
Szczepanski	Publication indexed in Szczepanski's List of Open Access Journals, which implies that this is an Open Access work
Åpen tilgang	Dette verket er antatt å være "åpen tilgang" for ethvert annet formål
SciELO	Published on a SciELO national platform
OJS	Publisert ved bruk av Open Journal Systems-programvare
Wordpress	Publisert ved bruk av WordPress-programvare
JSTOR	Preserved and/or hosted on the JSTOR digital preservation platform

Persistent Identifiers

Underneath search results, and alternate version listings, are any known "persistent identifiers" that uniquely identify the specific version of the work. These are usually hyperlinks.

doi:	Digital Object Identifier (DOI), provides a redirect to the publisher's landing page
pmid:	PubMed/MEDLINE
pmcid:	PubMed Central
arxiv:	arXiv pre-print service
dblp:	The DBLP Computer Science Bibliography
doaj:	Article-level identifier for works in DOAJ, particularly those with no DOI
fatcat:	fatcat "release" identifier. Scholar is built on top of the fatcat catalog

Arbeid underveis

This is a new service. Metadata is being improved and features have not been finalized.

Some known bugs and issues:

Poor metadata quality for conference proceedings. Many are labeled "unpublished" and are not associated with the conference.
Duplicate versions of same work. For example, different versions of the same paper or dataset. We are working on basic entity-deduplication in the fatcat catalog.
Mis-matching of file content or version with work metadata. For example, sometimes pre-prints or author manuscripts are incorrectly associated with version-of-record metadata, or vice-versa.