Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power release_y7rspt6ncbdfvn73c65ejc4b7y

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> While an exercise recovery method may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance. A randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 male trained cyclists and triathletes. Participants were assigned randomly to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): outside water immersion (OWI), cold water immersion (CWI: 20ºC), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40ºC). Blood lactate, cardiorespiratory, and mechanical outcomes were measured during the WAnT and its recovery. Time constant (τ), asymptotic value, and area under the curve (AUC) were quantified for each physiologic parameter during recovery. After that, a second WAnT test and 10-min recovery were realized in the same session. Regardless the water immersion temperature, the water immersion increased τVo<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (+18%), asymptote (Vo<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> +16%, Vo<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> +13%, V<jats:sub>E</jats:sub> +17%, HR +16%) and AUC (Vo<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> +27%, Vco<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> +18%, V<jats:sub>E</jats:sub> +20%, HR +25%), while decreased τHR (-33%). There was no influence of water immersion on blood lactate parameters. HWI improved the mean power output during the second WAnT test (2.2%), while the CWI decreased by 2.4% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Independent of the water temperature, water immersion enhanced aerobic energy recovery without modifying blood lactate recovery. However, subsequent anaerobic performance was increased only during HWI and decreased during CWI. Despite being higher than in other studies, 20°C during CWI effectively triggered physiological and performance responses via an easier-to-administer temperature. Water immersion-induced physiological changes did not predict subsequent anaerobic performance. The action of immersion temperature on muscle neuromechanics and its repercussions on the force-velocity relationship seem to explain the changes of anaerobic mechanical power.
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