@article{zhang_wang_ma_tang_zhang_wang_zhang_xue_jia_hu_et al._2022, 
  title={Increased CD4+CD8+ Double Positive T Cells during Hantaan Virus Infection}, 
  volume={14}, 
  DOI={10.3390/v14102243}, 
  abstractNote={<jats:p>Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection causes an epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) mainly in Asia. It is well known that T cells mediated anti-viral immune response. Although previous studies showed that double positive T (DP T) cells, a little portion of T lymphocytes, were involved in adaptive immune response during virus infection, their kinetic changes and roles in HTNV infection have not yet been explored. In this study, we characterized DP T cells from HFRS patients based on flow cytometry data combined with scRNA-seq data. We showed that HTNV infection caused the upregulation of DP T cells in the peripheral blood, which were correlated with disease stage. The scRNA-seq data clustered DP T cells, unraveled their gene expression profile, and estimated the ordering of these cells. The production of granzyme B and CD107a from DP T cells and the abundant TCR distribution indicated the anti-viral property of DP T cells. In conclusion, this study identified, for the first time, an accumulation of DP T cells in the peripheral blood of HFRS patients and suggested these DP T cells belonging to CD8+T cells lineage. The DP T cells shared the similar characteristics with cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and exerted an anti-viral role in HFRS.</jats:p>}, 
  number={10}, 
  publisher={MDPI AG}, 
  author={Zhang, Huiyuan and Wang, Yazhen and Ma, Ying and Tang, Kang and Zhang, Chunmei and Wang, Meng and Zhang, Xiyue and Xue, Manling and Jia, Xiaozhou and Hu, Haifeng and et al.}, 
  year={2022}, 
  month={Oct}
  }