@article{iannetta_buccisano_fraboni_malagnino_campogiani_teti_spalliera_rossi_di lorenzo_palmieri_et al._2021, 
  title={Baseline T-lymphocyte subset absolute counts can predict both outcome and severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a single center study}, 
  volume={11}, 
  DOI={10.1038/s41598-021-90983-0}, 
  abstractNote={<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of baseline lymphocyte subset counts in predicting the outcome and severity of COVID-19 patients. Hospitalized patients confirmed to be infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included and classified according to in-hospital mortality (survivors/nonsurvivors) and the maximal oxygen support/ventilation supply required (nonsevere/severe). Demographics, clinical and laboratory data, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were retrospectively analyzed. Overall, 160 patients were retrospectively included in the study. T-lymphocyte subset (total CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+, CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ double positive [DP] and CD3+ CD4− CD8− double negative [DN]) absolute counts were decreased in nonsurvivors and in patients with severe disease compared to survivors and nonsevere patients (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that absolute counts of CD3+ T-lymphocytes &lt; 524 cells/µl, CD3+ CD4+ &lt; 369 cells/µl, and the number of T-lymphocyte subsets below the cutoff (T-lymphocyte subset index [TLSI]) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Baseline T-lymphocyte subset counts and TLSI were also predictive of disease severity (CD3+  &lt; 733 cells/µl; CD3+ CD4+ &lt; 426 cells/µl; CD3+ CD8+ &lt; 262 cells/µl; CD3+ DP &lt; 4.5 cells/µl; CD3+ DN &lt; 18.5 cells/µl). The evaluation of peripheral T-lymphocyte absolute counts in the early stages of COVID-19 might represent a useful tool for identifying patients at increased risk of unfavorable outcomes.</jats:p>}, 
  number={1}, 
  publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, 
  author={Iannetta, Marco and Buccisano, Francesco and Fraboni, Daniela and Malagnino, Vincenzo and Campogiani, Laura and Teti, Elisabetta and Spalliera, Ilaria and Rossi, Benedetta and Di Lorenzo, Andrea and Palmieri, Raffaele and et al.}, 
  year={2021}, 
  month={Jun}
  }