Certainty relations, mutual entanglement and non-displacable manifolds release_p333p5qj5fhibllszo33zkxcya

Abstract

We derive explicit bounds for the average entropy characterizing measurements of a pure quantum state of size N in L orthogonal bases. Lower bounds lead to novel entropic uncertainty relations, while upper bounds allow us to formulate universal certainty relations. For L=2 the maximal average entropy saturates at N as there exists a mutually coherent state, but certainty relations are shown to be nontrivial for L > 3 measurements. In the case of a prime power dimension, N=p^k, and the number of measurements L=N+1, the upper bound for the average entropy becomes minimal for a collection of mutually unbiased bases. Analogous approach is used to study entanglement with respect to L different splittings of a composite system, linked by bi-partite quantum gates. We show that for any two-qubit unitary gate U∈U(4) there exist states being mutually separable or mutually entangled with respect to both splittings (related by U) of the composite system. The latter statement follows from the fact that the real projective space RP^3⊂CP^3 is non-displacable. For L=3 splittings the maximal sum of L entanglement entropies is conjectured to achieve its minimum for a collection of three mutually entangled bases, formed by two mutually entangling gates.
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