@article{martyniszyn_szulc-dąbrowska_boratyńska-jasińska_badowska-kozakiewicz_niemiałtowski_2013, 
  title={In vivo induction of autophagy in splenocytes of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice infected with ectromelia orthopoxvirus}, 
  volume={16}, 
  DOI={10.2478/pjvs-2013-0004}, 
  abstractNote={<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
				<jats:p> Autophagy is a self-degradation process of cellular components. It plays both antiviral and pro-viral roles in the life cycle of different viruses and the pathogenesis of different viral diseases. In this study, we evaluated autophagy induction in splenocytes of ectromelia virus (ECTV)-resistant C57BL/6 and ECTV-susceptible BALB/c mice during infection with the Moscow strain of the ectromelia virus (ECTV-MOS). Autophagy was analyzed using the Western blot method by assessing type II microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP1) light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 expression levels relative to β-actin. Results indicated an increased ratio of LC3-II to β-actin in splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice only at 7 day post infection (d.p.i.) compared to uninfected animals. LC3-II/β-actin and Beclin 1/β-actin ratios in splenocytes of BALB/c mice increased at 5 d.p.i. and remained high until day 14 and 7 p.i., respectively. We confirmed the formation of autophagosome structures in the spleen of BALB/c mice by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, autophagy accompanied necrosis in the splenocytes of infected animals. Results suggest that ECTV-MOS induced autophagy, especially in the spleen of the susceptible mouse strain, may support viral replication and promote cell necrosis.</jats:p>}, 
  publisher={Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, 
  author={Martyniszyn and Szulc-Dąbrowska and Boratyńska-Jasińska and Badowska-Kozakiewicz and Niemiałtowski}, 
  year={2013}, 
  month={Mar}
  }