Analyzing factors affecting positivity in drive-through COVID-19 testing: a cross-sectional study release_h2tl5oruxrafxjsq2fotldirmi

by Masahiko Mori, Kazuaki Yokoyama, Riri Sanuki, Fumio Inoue, Takafumi Maekawa, Tadayoshi Moriyama

Published in Virology Journal by Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

2024   Volume 21, Issue 1, p111

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> Demand for COVID-19 testing prompted the implementation of drive-through testing systems. However, limited research has examined factors influencing testing positivity in this setting. </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> From October 2020 to March 2023, a total of 1,341 patients, along with their clinical information, were referred from local clinics to the Sasebo City COVID-19 drive-through PCR center for testing. Association between clinical information or factors related to the drive-through center and testing results was analyzed by Fisher's exact test and logistic regression models. </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> Individuals testing positive exhibited higher frequencies of upper respiratory symptoms; cough (OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.8), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q = 0.005), sore throat (OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.9-3.0), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q &lt; 0.001), runny nose (OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002, q = 0.009), and systemic symptoms; fever (OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.0), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006, q = 0.02), headache (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.5), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q &lt; 0.001), and joint pain (OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.8–4.1), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q &lt; 0.001). Conversely, gastrointestinal symptoms; diarrhea (OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.4), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q &lt; 0.001) and nausea (OR 0.3 (95% CI 0.1–0.6), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q &lt; 0.001) were less prevalent among positives. During omicron strain predominant period, higher testing positivity rate (OR 20 (95% CI 13–31), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and shorter period from symptom onset to testing (3.2 vs. 6.0 days, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) were observed compared to pre-omicron period. Besides symptoms, contact history with infected persons at home (OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.1–6.5), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q &lt; 0.001) and in office or school (OR 2.9 (95% CI 2.1–4.1), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, q &lt; 0.001), as well as the number of sample collection experiences by collectors (B 7.2 (95% CI 2.8–12), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002) were also associated with testing results. </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> These findings underscore the importance of factors related to drive-through centers, especially contact history interviews and sample collection skills, for achieving higher rates of COVID-19 testing positivity. They also contribute to enhanced preparedness for next infectious disease pandemics. </jats:sec>
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