Analyzing factors affecting positivity in drive-through COVID-19 testing: a cross-sectional study
release_h2tl5oruxrafxjsq2fotldirmi
by
Masahiko Mori,
Kazuaki Yokoyama,
Riri Sanuki,
Fumio Inoue,
Takafumi Maekawa,
Tadayoshi Moriyama
2024 Volume 21, Issue 1, p111
Abstract
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Background</jats:title>
Demand for COVID-19 testing prompted the implementation of drive-through testing systems. However, limited research has examined factors influencing testing positivity in this setting.
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<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
From October 2020 to March 2023, a total of 1,341 patients, along with their clinical information, were referred from local clinics to the Sasebo City COVID-19 drive-through PCR center for testing. Association between clinical information or factors related to the drive-through center and testing results was analyzed by Fisher's exact test and logistic regression models.
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<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
Individuals testing positive exhibited higher frequencies of upper respiratory symptoms; cough (OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.8), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q = 0.005), sore throat (OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.9-3.0), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q < 0.001), runny nose (OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002, q = 0.009), and systemic symptoms; fever (OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.0), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006, q = 0.02), headache (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.5), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q < 0.001), and joint pain (OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.8–4.1), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q < 0.001). Conversely, gastrointestinal symptoms; diarrhea (OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.4), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q < 0.001) and nausea (OR 0.3 (95% CI 0.1–0.6), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q < 0.001) were less prevalent among positives. During omicron strain predominant period, higher testing positivity rate (OR 20 (95% CI 13–31), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001) and shorter period from symptom onset to testing (3.2 vs. 6.0 days, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001) were observed compared to pre-omicron period. Besides symptoms, contact history with infected persons at home (OR 4.5 (95% CI 3.1–6.5), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q < 0.001) and in office or school (OR 2.9 (95% CI 2.1–4.1), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001, q < 0.001), as well as the number of sample collection experiences by collectors (B 7.2 (95% CI 2.8–12), <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002) were also associated with testing results.
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<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
These findings underscore the importance of factors related to drive-through centers, especially contact history interviews and sample collection skills, for achieving higher rates of COVID-19 testing positivity. They also contribute to enhanced preparedness for next infectious disease pandemics.
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