@article{ishiko_horinouchi_fujimaru_shima_kaito_tanaka_ishimori_kondo_nagai_aoto_et al._2020, 
  title={Glomerular galactose-deficient IgA1 expression analysis in pediatric patients with glomerular diseases}, 
  volume={10}, 
  DOI={10.1038/s41598-020-71101-y}, 
  abstractNote={Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is important in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). A Gd-IgA1-specific monoclonal antibody (KM55) has revealed glomerular Gd-IgA1 deposition solely in patients with IgAN and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAV-N). However, this specificity is controversial and has not been demonstrated in pediatric patients. Here, we conducted double-immunofluorescence staining of IgA and Gd-IgA1 in 60 pediatric patients with various glomerular diseases. We divided patients into four groups: (1) patients with IgAN and IgAV-N (n = 23); (2) patients with immunocomplex-mediated glomerulonephritis accompanied by IgA deposition, including lupus nephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and membranous nephropathy (n = 14); (3) patients with other glomerular diseases involving IgA deposition, including idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), oligomeganephronia, Alport syndrome, dense deposit disease, and crescentic glomerulonephritis (n = 11); and (4) patients with IgA-negative diseases including INS, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous nephropathy, oligomeganephronia, Alport syndrome, C3 glomerulonephritis, poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (n = 12). KM55 staining revealed Gd-IgA1-positive findings in 23/23 patients in Group 1 and 13/14 patients in Group 2, but not in patients in Groups 3 or 4. Therefore, KM55 may detect incidental IgA deposition in pediatric patients. Gd-IgA1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of these immune-related diseases; alternatively, KM55 may recognize IgA-related immunocomplexes in a non-specific manner.}, 
  number={1}, 
  publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, 
  author={Ishiko, Shinya and Horinouchi, Tomoko and Fujimaru, Rika and Shima, Yuko and Kaito, Hiroshi and Tanaka, Ryojiro and Ishimori, Shingo and Kondo, Atsushi and Nagai, Sadayuki and Aoto, Yuya and et al.}, 
  year={2020}, 
  month={Aug}
  }