Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll) release_3on5xrobg5ciheaooikskdfx4q

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> In this study, <jats:italic>Trapa bispinosa's</jats:italic> peel (TBP) biomass is exploited as an effective, low cost and new adsorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution. TBP is pretreated and modified with HNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, HClO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to enhance the Pb(II) removal and it is perceived that chemical modifications enhance the adsorption capacity of TBP. The adsorption behavior of Pb(II) is studied under different conditions, including pH (3-6), TBP dose (0.050.8 g), stirring speed (100-200 rpm), initial Pb(II) ion concentration (25-400 mg L<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>) and contact time (0-1440 min). Kinetic study reveals sorption is fast in first 15 to 30 min achieving equilibrium in 60 min with q<jats:sup>max</jats:sup> (mg g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>) are 77.09, 105.40 and 123.82 for NT-TBP, NA-TBP and HCA-TBP respectively. The Langmuir model successfully defines the sorption data having higher R<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and good agreement between theoretical and experimental uptake capacity of Pb(II). The kinetic study exhibits that the pseudo-second order rate equation is better portrayed sorption process. TBP modified with HClO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> shows the highest metal uptake in comparison to HNO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> modified TBP and native TBP.
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